Skillful mix of concentrate

In recent years, the practice of raising livestock in rural areas has shifted from using roughage to more concentrated feeds, such as grains. To fully utilize these concentrates and maximize their benefits, proper preparation is essential. Below are several effective methods for processing feed. Crushing or grinding various cereal feeds like barley, corn, and sorghum is a common practice before feeding them to animals. This is especially important for hard-shelled grains, as they are often not fully digested by livestock. As a result, many undigested grains end up in the feces, leading to waste. By crushing or grinding the feed, it becomes easier for animals to chew, increases the surface area for better interaction with digestive enzymes, and improves overall digestibility. It also makes mixing with Other ingredients more convenient. The degree of grinding should vary depending on the type of animal: for cattle and sheep, the feed should be broken down into about 2 mm, while for horses and donkeys, a coarser grind of around 4 mm is suitable. Another method is soaking, which is particularly useful for oilseed cakes. Soaked feed is easier for animals to chew and digest, especially for pigs and poultry. The water used for soaking contains valuable nutrients that should be included in the feed. However, during the summer months, soaked oilseed cakes can spoil quickly, so the soaking time should be carefully controlled. Boiling and roasting are two additional methods commonly used for bean-based feeds. These processes enhance the absorption of proteins and starches. Roasting also gives the feed a pleasant aroma, improving its palatability and stimulating the animals' appetite, which in turn increases their feed intake. Saccharification is another technique used for starch-rich feeds. This process converts starch into dextrin and maltose, significantly increasing the sugar content—from 1% to as high as 10%. The resulting sweet taste makes the feed more appealing to animals. Fermentation is one of the most widely used methods, especially in pig and cattle farming. It involves using naturally occurring microorganisms or added yeast to break down carbohydrates under controlled conditions of temperature, humidity, and air. This process produces lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol, turning the feed into an aromatic, slightly acidic product. Fermented feed not only improves taste and digestion but also enhances the utilization of crude protein and increases the levels of vitamin B. Additionally, it supports better appetite, health, reproduction, and overall feed efficiency in livestock.

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