The influence of the temperature of the hot machine on the double-sided recording effect of the new spring
June 26 11:32:25, 2025
The phase transition hysteresis and transition temperature of TiNi-based alloys are highly sensitive to both the alloy composition and the heat treatment process. The recovery deformation speed of shape memory alloy (SMA) springs, which is reflected in the phase transition hysteresis, plays a critical role in determining their dynamic performance. In this study, we investigated the bidirectional memory effect of TiNiCu shape memory alloy springs under various thermomechanical training temperatures.
In the first phase of the Metal World project, a TiNiCu coil spring was designed and analyzed to optimize its heat treatment system for achieving superior bidirectional memory performance. The experimental materials used were Ti-43 at% Ni-5 at% Cu alloy wires with a diameter of 0.50 mm. These wires were wound around a cylindrical mold to form a spring with a pitch of 0.1 mm, an outer diameter of 4.5 mm, and 10 effective turns.
To train the bidirectional memory effect, the TiNiCu coil springs underwent constrained heat treatments at different temperatures: 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C for 1 hour, followed by air cooling to room temperature. After this treatment, the springs were subjected to a series of training cycles to enhance their shape memory behavior. The training process included the following steps:
1. At room temperature, the spring was in the martensitic state. It was stretched to a pitch of 12 mm, and upon removal of the load, it partially recovered due to elastic deformation.
2. The stretched spring was then placed in boiling water, where the inverse martensitic transformation occurred, causing the spring to contract.
3. Afterward, the spring was cooled back to room temperature in cold water, returning it to its original processed shape.
This training process was repeated multiple times to evaluate how the shape recovery rate changed with the number of training cycles. Following the shaping process, the springs were subjected to a final setting treatment at 500°C for 1 hour and then air-cooled.
To determine the phase transition temperatures, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were conducted on a Seiko Exstar 6000 calorimeter, with a heating and cooling rate of 10°C/min. Additionally, the springs were subjected to thermomechanical training at three different temperatures: 25°C, 72°C, and 98°C, to further assess their shape memory characteristics. This comprehensive approach aimed to identify the optimal conditions for achieving high-performance bidirectional memory behavior in TiNiCu springs.
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