Fruit tree pests and diseases should choose suitable biological pesticide control
August 16 00:01:51, 2025
The following is an introduction to the main pests and diseases that affect fruit trees. According to the China Pesticide Network, it's important to understand how to identify these pests and diseases and choose appropriate **biological pesticides** for effective prevention and control.
1. **Leaf-Damaging Pests and Diseases**:
Several lepidopteran pests, such as leaf miners, gypsy moths, apple hawkmoths, and apple leaf curlers, can damage apple and jujube trees. Other leaf-feeding pests include cotton bollworms, aphids on peach trees, pear mites, and leaf mites. Beetle pests like the red spider and terracotta chafer also pose threats to various fruit trees. Fungal diseases such as brown spot, gray spot, leaf rust, powdery mildew, and downy mildew are common. Bacterial infections like bacterial canker can also cause leaf perforations.
2. **Fruit-Damaging Pests and Diseases**:
Fruit borers, such as the apple fruit borer, pear fruit borer, and peach fruit borer, are major threats. These pests often attack apples, pears, peaches, and jujubes. In addition, fungal diseases like ring rot, anthracnose, black spot, and sooty mold can severely impact fruit quality and yield.
3. **Branch and Trunk-Damaging Pests and Diseases**:
Beetles like the white-spotted longicorn and red-necked longicorn can harm walnuts and peaches. Scale insects, including those that attack apple and pear trees, and the Japanese wax scale affecting jujube trees, are also problematic. Diseases such as canker, dry rot, and ulcer disease can weaken tree health and reduce productivity.
**Pesticide Application and Selection**:
When choosing pesticides, it's recommended to prioritize **biological agents** and **low-toxicity, low-residue chemical pesticides**. Examples include dichlorvos, trichlorfon, pyrethroids, carbendazim, methyl thiophanate, chlorothalonil, triadimefon, Bordeaux mixture, and lime sulfur. Highly toxic and persistent pesticides should be strictly avoided. Prohibited chemicals in fruit tree production include methamidophos, carbofuran, 1605, 3911, omethoate, phoxim, chlorpyrifos, hexachlorocyclohexane, dicofol, methyl isothiocyanate, monocrotophos, methomyl, and organic mercury preparations.
**High-Efficiency and Low-Toxic Biological Pesticides**:
- **Diflubenzuron III**: A biomimetic pesticide with strong stomach toxicity and contact action. It is rain-resistant and lasts up to 20 days, making it safe for beneficial insects. It effectively controls lepidopteran larvae.
- **Matrine**: A plant-based insecticide with low toxicity to humans and animals. It has contact and stomach effects and controls lepidopteran larvae and red spiders.
- **Green Weilei II**: A microcapsule formulation containing avermectin, which targets beetles and geese.
- **Polyoxomycin (Bao Lian)**: An agricultural antibiotic fungicide with systemic absorption. It protects and treats a wide range of fungal diseases like ring rot and anthracnose.
- **Avermectin**: A highly effective biological pesticide for pollution-free fruit production. It acts quickly and controls pests like aphids, red spiders, and leaf-eating moths.
- **Imidacloprid**: A new-generation nicotine insecticide that is systemic and eco-friendly. It replaces older toxic products and controls aphids, scale insects, and leaf rollers.
By using these biological and low-risk options, farmers can protect their fruit crops while maintaining environmental safety and product quality.