First, amorphous silicon:

● Photovoltaic cells (sheets), including monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon, amorphous silicon, and thin film batteries. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline batteries are the most used, and amorphous batteries are used for small systems and calculators for auxiliary power.

● Amorphous silicon is a direct-energy semiconductor with many so-called “dangling bonds” inside its structure, that is, electrons that do not have bonds with the surrounding silicon atoms. These electrons can generate current under the action of an electric field, and No photonic help is needed.

● Amorphous silicon can be made thin and its production cost is low.

● Calculating the consumption of silicon raw materials, producing 1 MW of crystalline silicon solar cells requires 10-12 tons of high-purity silicon, but if the same silicon material is used to produce thin-film amorphous silicon solar cells, over 200 MW can be produced. .

● It has been confirmed that for solar arrays with the same power, amorphous silicon solar cells generate about 10% more power than monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon cells.

● Amorphous silicon is less susceptible to temperature than single crystal silicon or polysilicon.

Second, thin-film battery technology trends (alternative products):

● The most mature products are amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells. There are already many companies in the world that produce these types of batteries. Their main advantages are low cost and easy preparation, but they also have serious shortcomings. Silicon cell instability, its photoelectric conversion efficiency will be attenuated with the continuation of the illumination time, in addition, the efficiency of amorphous silicon thin film solar cells is also low. Generally between 8% and 10%.

● Selenium indium-copper and cadmium telluride polycrystalline thin-film batteries are more efficient than amorphous silicon thin-film batteries, lower in cost than monocrystalline silicon batteries, and are easy to produce on a large scale. There is no problem of efficiency attenuation. It is a kind of amorphous silicon thin film battery. Better alternatives, some companies in the United States have begun to build this battery production line. However, cadmium, one of the raw materials of such batteries, has a strong pollution to the environment and deviates from the original intention of developing solar cells, and selenium, indium, and tellurium are relatively rare metals, resulting in large-scale production of such batteries. Great restrictions.

● Polycrystalline silicon thin-film batteries use less silicon than single-crystal silicon, and have no efficiency attenuation problems. They may be used on cheap substrates. The cost is expected to be much lower than that of bulk silicon cells. Laboratory efficiency Up to 18%, much higher than the efficiency of amorphous silicon thin-film batteries. Therefore, polycrystalline silicon thin-film batteries are considered as the next generation of solar cells that are most likely to replace monocrystalline silicon cells and amorphous silicon thin-film batteries, and have now become a research hotspot in the international solar energy field. Research Status of Polysilicon Thin Film Solar Cells

● Other thin film materials (including microcrystalline silicon-based thin films, compound-based thin films, and dye thin films)

Third, amorphous silicon battery key technologies and production processes

● Processing principle: Using silane (SiH4) plasma decomposition method, low-temperature film formation on low-cost substrates (glass, stainless steel) by doping silane with a gas such as diborane (B2H6) and phosphine (PH3).

● Production process:

1. Clean TCO glass

2. Laser Scribe #1 (SnO2)

3. Deposited amorphous silicon battery (PIN/PIN)

4. Laser Scribe #2 (a-Si)

5. Sputter back aluminum film

6. Laser Scribe #3 (Al)

7. Package testing

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