Infrared security detector false alarm factor
In modern anti-theft alarm systems, infrared detection remains one of the most widely used and essential technologies. As security needs evolve and building environments become more complex, the demand for multi-detection applications has increased significantly. Today, the advancement in detection technology is just as important as installation techniques when evaluating the performance of an alarm system. One of the key factors that users consider when purchasing such a system is the false alarm rate—this is often the first criterion for selecting an effective alarm solution.
Currently, anti-theft alarm systems are primarily designed for intrusion detection. This involves installing various types of detectors, such as active and passive infrared sensors, microwave motion detectors, door and window reed switches, emergency buttons, and glass break detectors. These devices work together based on pre-set rules to detect any unauthorized entry into the protected area. When an intrusion is detected, the alarm controller triggers visual and audio alerts and displays the specific location of the event. In networked systems, the alarm information can also be sent via mobile phones, tablets, landline connections, IP networks, or wireless communication channels to notify users or monitoring centers.
Among all the detection methods, infrared detectors are the most commonly used. They are typically divided into two main types: active infrared (AIR) and passive infrared (PIR). Active infrared systems use a transmitter and receiver to create a beam, which, when broken, signals an intrusion. These are often used for perimeter protection due to their straight-line detection range. Passive infrared detectors, on the other hand, sense heat emitted by humans, typically within a 10-12 meter range. However, since ambient temperature changes and external heat sources can cause interference, most PIR detectors are best suited for indoor or controlled environments.
The effectiveness of infrared-based alarm systems largely depends on the design and quality of the detectors. There are ten common causes of false alarms associated with these devices, which must be carefully considered during installation and use. The main reasons include:
1. Poor resistance to radio frequency interference (RFI & EMI), leading to adjacent-channel disturbances.
2. Inability to accurately distinguish between human movement and non-threatening activity.
3. Sensitivity to environmental temperature and bright light.
4. Duplicate coding issues caused by multiple configurations.
5. Poorly designed translucent covers that affect detection accuracy.
6. Incorrect internal component angles that reduce detection efficiency.
7. Improper installation techniques that compromise performance.
8. Interference from multiple detection technologies working together.
9. Manufacturing defects or operational errors in the product.
10. Incorrect sensitivity settings, detection range, or temperature compensation.
Sensitivity and false alarm rate have always been conflicting aspects in alarm system design. Increasing sensitivity often leads to higher false alarm rates, which is why many manufacturers are continuously improving their products to strike a better balance. As shown above, many false alarms from infrared detectors are linked to design flaws or manufacturing limitations. Therefore, choosing a high-quality detector with reliable performance is the most effective way to minimize false alarms and ensure a more accurate and trustworthy security system.
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