Method for identifying true and false fertilizers
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Due to the opening of the agricultural capital market, counterfeit and degraded fertilizers have appeared in the market. In order to improve farmers' ability to identify true and fake fertilizers, several identification methods are introduced here for reference.
First, look at the packaging and logo.
For qualified fertilizers produced by regular manufacturers, the packaging name is generally marked with Chinese characters, nutrients and their contents, net weight, implementation standards, production license number, factory address, zip code, etc.; High, the logo is incomplete or the writing is ambiguous, sometimes it is not necessary to use pinyin for Chinese characters. Compound fertilizer, formula fertilizer, refined organic fertilizer, and trace element foliar fertilizer should also be marked with the fertilizer registration certificate number. Listed below are several common fertilizers.
1. Superphosphate: See product name, implementation standard (HG 2740-1995), production license number, effective phosphorus (or P2O5) content ≥12.0%, free acid ≤5.5%, moisture ≤15.0%. Some of the "silicon phosphate fertilizer" and "silicon calcium fertilizer" sold in the market, the main components are silicon and calcium, the effective phosphorus content is quite low, therefore, it is not a phosphate fertilizer.
2. Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers: Execution standard (HG 2557-1994), production license number, effective phosphorus (or P2O5) content ≥12.0% (qualified products).
3. Compound fertilizer: implementation standard (GB15063-2001), production license number, fertilizer registration certificate number, total nutrient content, low concentration ≥ 25.0%, medium concentration ≥ 30.0%, high concentration ≥ 40.0%. Total nutrient refers to the total amount of nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium (N + P2O5 + K2O), excluding other nutrients.
4. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: The national industry standard stipulates that the active ingredient (KH2PO4) of agricultural potassium dihydrogen phosphate qualified product is ≥92.0% (dry basis). Some unscrupulous companies use fraudulent techniques to mislead consumers. The methods are as follows: 1 The packaging bag is marked with “potassium ammonium hydrogen phosphateâ€, and the word “ammonium†is deliberately written small, which is difficult to find and attracts consumers. 2 Mark "High-efficiency compound fertilizer I (II) type" on the top of the bag, and mark the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the middle of the bag. 3 directly label the potassium dihydrogen phosphate type II. National industry standards do not have type I or type II, and it is not allowed to change potassium dihydrogen phosphate to high-efficiency compound fertilizer. Where there is no "standard HG 2321-1992" on the packaging bag or the word "potassium dihydrogen phosphate" is not written, it is not a true potassium dihydrogen phosphate product. Users must carefully identify it when purchasing.
5. Trace element fertilizer: The most problematic is the zinc fertilizer of various names. Zinc fertilizer is mainly used to control rice sitting and corn leaf. At present, the market is the "iron-zinc fertilizer", "magnesium-zinc fertilizer", etc. The main component of such products is ferrous sulfate or magnesium sulfate, and the zinc content is extremely low, which is difficult to control the sitting and the leaves. When purchasing zinc fertilizer, look for the words "agricultural zinc sulphate", the industry standard number is HG 3277-2000. Since the words "iron" and "magnesium" on some product packagings are very small, remember not to use "iron-zinc fertilizer" and "magnesium-zinc fertilizer" products as zinc sulfate fertilizer. If you purchase products such as “iron-zinc fertilizerâ€, “composite zinc fertilizer†or “boron-molybdenum fertilizerâ€, be sure to check whether there is a fertilizer registration certificate number from the Ministry of Agriculture. If not, you cannot purchase it.
Second, look at the real thing.
Different chemical fertilizers often have different appearance traits.
Nitrogen fertilizer: For example, ammonium bicarbonate is white and has a strong ammonia odor; urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride are all white granular crystals.
Phosphate fertilizer: Calcium superphosphate is gray, grayish white, light yellow and other loose powders. It can be seen as a blocky piece. It can be seen that there are many small pores, commonly known as "honeycomb eyes". It has a sour taste. Put the superphosphate into the excreta, and the free acid (PO43-, SO42-) reacts with the ammonium carbonate in the excreta to release carbon dioxide (CO2), plus the block superphosphate "honeycomb" The gas discharge generates a large amount of air bubbles on the surface of the excrement. Therefore, farmers believe that "the phosphate fertilizer of bubbling is good" has certain scientific reasons.
Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: It is grayish white or grayish black powder, insoluble in water, not easy to lose, no moisture absorption, no toxicity, no corrosion.
Compound fertilizer: The appearance is round granules and strips. The color is different due to the different raw materials produced, mainly white gray, gray black. It has a certain hygroscopicity, and the particles are easily pulverized after moisture absorption, which is non-toxic and tasteless. When the good quality product is put into the water, the particles can quickly absorb and swell and partially dissolve. At present, there is a product called "BBF" or "BB fertilizer" on the market. It is a new type of compound fertilizer, which is characterized by high concentration and high fertilizer efficiency, and all raw materials are visible to the naked eye. The total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is generally ≥40.0%, and the high can reach 53%, which is equivalent to twice the low-concentration compound fertilizer. Especially suitable for cash crops such as vegetables and fruits.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: white crystal, completely dissolved in water, the aqueous solution is acidic. Zinc sulphate for agriculture: needle-like crystals with a white or micro-colored appearance. The zinc content of zinc sulfate should be ≥21.8%. Zinc sulfate is readily soluble in water and its aqueous solution is acidic.
3. Look at the price.
As the saying goes: "Cheap and no good goods." The price of fake degraded fertilizer is generally lower than the price of similar high-quality fertilizer on the market.
Huaxian County Agricultural Products Inspection and Testing Center Chang Bili