In recent years, the disease of wheat is very serious. Wheat wet damage is one of the five diseases (wet damage, freezing damage, dry heat damage, grass damage, pests and diseases) in wheat production. In recent years, Hubei, Zhunbei wheat area, Jiangsu hilly wheat area, etc. are common, and different savings occur every year. The roots of wheat damaged by moisture are in an anoxic environment for a long time, and the absorption function of the roots is weakened, which causes the water in the plant to be deficient, and in severe cases, the dehydration is wilting or dying. Therefore, the wet damage is also called physiological drought. From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, the seedlings can be damaged, the seedlings are damaged, the seedling rate is low, the tiller is delayed, the roots are underdeveloped, and the seedlings are yellow; the three functional leaves in the upper part of the jointing stage are shorter than the healthy ones. 20%, 30%, 36%, effective panicle reduction of 40%; premature senescence of damaged leaves during the filling stage of flowering, less grain per spike, lower 1000-grain weight, high temperature, high humidity and early maturity, severe blue and dead death. The wet damage occurred in the middle and late stages of production is heavier than that in the previous period. The wet damage loss at the jointing and booting stage is the heaviest. During this period, the number of effective spikes is small, the number of grains per panicle is reduced, the grain weight is decreased, and the yield is reduced.
In the Huaibei wheat area, although the incidence of wet damage is not high, it can not be ignored. In the past 44 years, Xuzhou has suffered from different degrees of wet damage in 13 years, accounting for 29.5%. In the past 10 years, the damage caused by waterlogging has increased. Especially in 1989, 1990 and 1991, there have been continuous rains for three consecutive years, and the rainfall is large, resulting in large wheat. The area is lodging, the weight of the grain is reduced, the mold is germinated, and the wheat production is greatly damaged. After the autumn of 1996, even the rain continued for 10 days, and the rainfall reached 104.4mm, which caused most of the wheat in Tongshan County to suffer from wet damage and serious losses.
The main cause of wet damage. From the end of October to the beginning of November, the rainfall of 104mm in the last 10 days was 104mm, an increase of 79.7mm over the same period of the previous year, an increase of 90.8mm over the same period of 1997. The excessive water content caused the water content of the cultivated layer to be too high, the water content of the tillage layer was saturated, and the oxygen was lacking. The root system is in a state of hypoxia for a long time, the breathing is inhibited, the vitality is declining, the water absorption capacity and the fertilizer capacity are decreased, and the organic matter in the soil under the anaerobic conditions produces a reducing toxic substance to poison the root system, the root growth is poor, and the root amount is reduced. At this time, the nitrogen metabolism in the plant decreased, and the nitrogen content in the leaves of the functional leaves was significantly reduced, resulting in small yellow leaves or dead seedlings of the plant seedlings. Second, the groundwater level is high, especially in the wheat fields near the rivers and lakes or in the low-watering wheat, the groundwater level is high, and the roots of the wheat seedlings are damaged. The secondary roots of the wheat in the wet wheat field are only 2.98, compared with the control. Reduced by 1.54, there are almost no secondary roots in severe cases. Seedlings are affected by waterlogging, although they can grow slowly during the wintering period. When they return to green, the secondary roots per plant are reduced by 2-3 than normal, resulting in less seedlings, yellow color, dead seedlings to greening stage, single plant stems and total number of seedlings. It is also less than normal. At the jointing stage, there are 5.7 stems per plant, and the large tillers above three leaves are not enough, which is 0626 less than normal, and the quality of tillers is low, resulting in a low number of final spikes. Third, the three ditch is not magnetic, the drainage and irrigation facilities are poor, the clear water can not be discharged, the dark water can not be filtered, the ditch is not smooth, causing wet damage. Fourth, the layout is unreasonable, especially the water-steamed wheat or the paddy field wheat, which failed to implement contiguous planting, and some planted flowers in the winter irrigation field, causing the clear water of the wheat field not to be discharged, the accumulation of water for a long time, and the emergence of severe dead and dead seedlings .
Control methods (1) timely clean up the deep trenches and excavation to improve a set of ditch in the field, clarify the water and dark stains, and do everything possible to reduce the stagnant water in the tillage layer is the main target to prevent wheat wet damage. For the long-distance disrepair of the deep ditch, the dredging should be carried out, and the groundwater level should be raised to prevent the frequent rain or rain in winter and spring, which is conducive to drainage and so that the water can enter the ditch unimpeded. At the same time, do a good job in the "three ditch" package, dry land wheat or paddy wheat must be open well, ditch, waist groove, so that the ditch and groove are connected, the rain stops the field, the clear is not stained, dark It is not harmful, and it advocates large-scale contiguous planting of watered wheat. (2) Adding fertilizer to the wheat field where the wet damage is heavier, so that the early application of the joint fertilizer, the heavy application of the jointing panicle fertilizer, and the promotion of the seedlings by the fertilizer. In the winter, more hot organic fertilizers are added, such as slag grass fertilizer, pig manure, cow dung, grass ash, ditch horse, human excrement and so on. Fertilizer application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is conducive to root development, strong stalks, and reduced damage. (3) The loose soil is moist and warm. Enhance soil permeability, promote root development, increase tillering, and cultivate strong seedlings. It can promote the growth of wheat seedlings, accelerate the transformation of seedlings, and increase the yield of wheat by increasing the ear and increasing grain. (4) Leaf protection. After rust, scab, and powdery mildew, timely spraying and prevention, in addition to spraying "802" to help Zhuangsu, plant anti-reverse stimulation, Jiamu harvest liquid fertilizer, Hui Manfeng, promote Fengbao, Wanjiabao and so on. It can also be sprayed with “plant power 2003” 10ml to clear water 10L, once every 7-10 days, and sprayed twice continuously. It is recommended to apply more rare earth pure nutrient, and spray every 20g to 20-30L of clear water, the effect is good.

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