Small pepper fertilization and irrigation techniques
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September 14 05:18:40, 2025
Overusing nitrogen fertilizer on small peppers can be harmful. Applying too much at once not only leads to waste, as the plants cannot absorb it, but also causes issues like "overgrown seedlings" or "burned seedlings." High soil salt concentration can further hinder root development. Additionally, if the soil is too dry or there's excessive rain, the plants may wilt, leading to leaf drop, flower fall, and fruit loss. To improve the yield and quality of small peppers, it's essential to master proper fertilization and irrigation techniques. Here’s a detailed guide:
1. **Before planting**: Apply 5,000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu, along with 50 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate as base fertilizer. After plowing, level the field and create raised beds. It's recommended to reserve one-third of the base fertilizer for application under the bed later.
2. **During planting**: Dig a hole about 15–25 cm deep. Place the plant in the hole, fill half with fine soil, and water thoroughly. The next morning, water again and finish filling the hole with soil.
3. **After planting**: Focus on root development before fruiting. About 3–4 days after planting, when the soil surface turns white, perform shallow cultivation to avoid disturbing the roots. Five to seven days later, when the stems and leaves turn green and new leaves begin to appear, it's time for a slow seedling phase. Water the plants and apply a seedling fertilizer (about 10 kg) during this time. Keep the soil moist and perform light tilling every 10–15 days.
4. **During flowering and fruit setting**: Control watering to prevent excessive growth and ensure good fruit set. Once most peppers have set fruit, stop the seedling stage and apply the second watering. Combine this with 20–25 kg of urea per mu or 1,000 kg of human manure, applied in furrows. This promotes fruit growth. After harvesting, apply a third watering with 10–15 kg of urea per acre. Continue watering every 7–10 days depending on weather, keeping the soil slightly moist.
5. **In hot weather**: Evaporation increases, so water every 5–7 days. Keep the topsoil moist to help fruits expand. Water in the early morning or late evening. If there's hot, humid weather after rain, you can water once to cool down the garden. Small peppers are sensitive to waterlogging; if the field remains flooded for more than 4 hours, the plants may wilt or drown. Therefore, proper drainage is crucial during the rainy season to avoid standing water.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly enhance the productivity and quality of their small pepper crops.