The gateway that the equipment manufacturing industry must pass: standardization
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Short board - big but not strong
The equipment manufacturing industry is the top priority of China's construction and manufacturing power during the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016 to 2020). "Made in China 2025" also proposed to implement "high-end equipment innovation project", by 2020, large aircraft, aero engines and gas turbines, civil aerospace, intelligent green trains, energy-saving and new energy vehicles, offshore engineering equipment and high-tech ships. Independent development and application of smart grid complete sets of equipment, high-grade CNC machine tools, nuclear power equipment, high-end medical equipment and other fields.
In addition to the policy attention, the performance of China's equipment manufacturing in recent years is remarkable. At present, the output of most equipment products in China ranks first in the world, and at the same time it has entered a new stage in autonomy. The manned space flight and lunar exploration project and the “Zhenlong†manned deep submersible have made major breakthroughs. Large transport aircraft and large passenger aircraft have been completed. Layout and development work has made important progress. Significant progress has been made in the development of emerging industries, and the development of emerging industries such as intelligent manufacturing equipment, marine engineering equipment, advanced rail transit equipment, and new energy vehicles has achieved remarkable results. According to the data in 2015, the output value of China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry has accounted for more than 10% of the equipment manufacturing industry.
Even so, China's equipment manufacturing still carries the "big but not strong" hat, the problems of weak independent innovation capability, backward basic manufacturing level, low-level redundant construction, and difficulties in promoting and applying independent innovation products. Mainly reflected in four aspects:
One: The design and manufacturing technology capabilities are not strong. The main performance is the import dependence and export structure caused by weak innovation ability, and the industrial safety risk increases. The root of these problems lies in the weak ability of independent innovation, and the weak ability of independent innovation seriously restricts the sustainable development of equipment manufacturing industry and the improvement of international competitiveness.
Second: the product structure is unreasonable. There is a serious shortage of production capacity of major technical equipment and high-tech products, resulting in a large influx of foreign mechanical and electrical products into the domestic market.
Third: The overcapacity of the industry is outstanding. The local unilateral pursuit of development speed has shifted the investment focus to the equipment manufacturing industry, resulting in overheated investment in some emerging industries, overcapacity in overcapacity, and increased risk of excessive competition.
Four: High-end equipment can not meet the demand. Low-end simple machinery overcapacity, high-end equipment manufacturing is lacking. In the emerging industries such as new materials, information, and new energy vehicles, the guarantee and support of new equipment are urgently needed.
A large part of the above problems are due to the lack of industry standards. Taking robots as an example, in the early stage of the development of the robot industry, the lack of industry standards led to wars and brutal growth. At present, the industry standard of China's robot industry still follows the machinery industry standard set in 1996. In terms of calibration, there is no unified detection mechanism for robot calibration measurement in China. What can we do after we have passed the standardization barrier? As stated in the opening text, standardization has become a major barrier that equipment manufacturing must take, otherwise it will always hinder the development of the industry. So, what can we do to get through this barrier?
Country - when standardization is in progress
Standardization is the work that the country has been advancing. In January-March 2015, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology carried out research on the conditions of pilot demonstration elements, compiled and released the "Intellectual Manufacturing Pilot Model Factors", established the Intelligent Manufacturing Integrated Standardization Working Group, formulated the intelligent manufacturing comprehensive standardization system framework, and launched the key areas and common standards. The revision work is planned, and it is planned to release the "Guidelines for the Construction of Intelligent Manufacturing Integrated Standardization System" before the end of December.
At the same time, the National Standardization Management Committee and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly carried out the pilot work on the standardization of the international high-end equipment manufacturing industry, and issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Standardization of the National High-end Equipment Manufacturing Industry", requiring that on the basis of the existing national standardization work, relying on equipment The national new industrialization industry demonstration base in the manufacturing field will carry out standardization pilot work, accelerate the development of technical standards by strengthening the implementation of high-end equipment manufacturing standards, improve the technical standard system, accelerate the application and industrialization of innovation results, and promote the equipment manufacturing industry to become stronger and stronger. .
Place - creating a superior environment
It is very important to promote the standardization construction and form a cohesive force from the central to the local. Taking Guangdong, a pioneer in manufacturing development, as an example, the Guangdong government has always attached great importance to the planning and implementation of strategic emerging industry standard systems, and 453 local standards proposed in the three high-end new electronic information, LED lighting, and electric vehicle standards and roadmaps. In the pre-establishment project, the provincial finance directly allocated 42 million yuan for the work.
In September this year, the Guangdong Provincial Quality Supervision Bureau and the Guangdong Provincial Economic and Information Technology Commission jointly issued the “Guangdong Province High-end Equipment Manufacturing Industry Standard System Planning and Roadmapâ€. Starting from the top-level design, four industrial standard systems for intelligent manufacturing equipment, general aviation equipment, urban rail transit equipment, offshore engineering equipment and shipbuilding in Guangdong Province were planned, and they were revised from “standardization research, platform construction, key standards revision, and policiesâ€. The five aspects of measures, expert teams and professional talents have proposed the process and goals of industrial standardization. This is of great strategic significance for Guangdong Province to accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading, improve the quality of economic development, build a modern industrial system, and realize the transformation from a manufacturing province to a strong manufacturing province.
In the advanced equipment manufacturing industry belt on the west bank of the Pearl River, Foshan is also a promoter of standardization construction. Foshan City regards the standardization strategy as the driving force for the “Foshan Manufacturing†to “Foshan Zhizao†and strives to build the advanced equipment manufacturing industry belt in the west bank of the Pearl River. Up to now, 32 national standards, 17 industry standards, 5 local standards, 2 international standards, and 21 advanced enterprise standards have been led or participated in the revision and revision of the equipment manufacturing enterprises. "Adopt international standard product mark certificate".
High-end equipment manufacturing needs high-tech, high-tech talent support, and needs policy and industry support, but fundamentally, the market will play a decisive role in resource allocation, so that enterprises can continue to innovate and break through the market competition pressure. The central and local needs to continue We will increase support for high-tech development and further create an environment that encourages the development of high-end manufacturing.
Enterprise - Innovation Drives Leap-up
The impact of the lack of standardization on the domestic equipment manufacturing industry is mainly reflected in the weak independent innovation capability, the backward level of basic manufacturing, low-level redundant construction, and difficulties in product promotion and application. Among them, key equipment components and core technologies are often subject to foreign-funded enterprises. The development of the entire industry has always been in a passive situation.
Therefore, the contribution of enterprises in promoting standardization construction is innovation. As Premier Li Keqiang emphasized at the State Council executive meeting, "establishing equipment manufacturing as the main battlefield for China's scientific and technological innovation" and actively promoting technological transformation and upgrading. The key to advancing "Made in China 2025" is to promote "China's wisdom". "To gather the wise and become a major event", we must use the mass entrepreneurship and innovation to create new ideas with more than one billion people, stimulate market vitality, and truly promote the intelligent transformation of Chinese manufacturing.
New era, new requirements, new standards
The development of intelligent manufacturing has put forward new requirements for standardization. Product intelligence, equipment intelligence, production intelligence, management intelligence and service intelligence require real-time exchange, accurate identification, intelligent processing and fast data information between equipment, people, enterprises and products. The update must be completed by developing technical, service, management, and security standards.
Finally, the author attached to the five approaches proposed by Liang Litao, director of the China Aviation Integrated Technology Research Institute, to achieve standardization:
The first is to build a standardized service platform, integrate standardized resources, package standardized knowledge and solutions, connect more groups, provide interactive mechanisms, meet group needs, and maximize knowledge utilization.
The second is to extend from traditional standardization business process integration such as standard setting, knowledge transfer, conformity assessment, and consulting services to brand marketing, quality improvement, and technological innovation, and to build a service format with extended flexibility.
The third is to integrate the requirements of fragmentation, fuzzification and migration into key data with real-time, quantifiable and traceable data through big data integration and analysis technology to meet individual needs.
The fourth is to build a fully structured standard through data discrete, relationship definition, module division, directional storage, customer customization, etc., to achieve standard refined search, associative push, personalized customization, and build a new model of standard cloud services.
The fifth is to highlight the field of standardization value, make standards and standardized services become the government's "think tank", become the "standard" of enterprise self-discipline and the "pathway" for consumers to participate in public governance and information transparency.