Current status and development trend of intelligent technology application of metal cutting machine tools

**Abstract** Metal cutting machine tools are essential components of modern manufacturing systems. Their production capacity and technological level reflect a country’s overall manufacturing capability and industrial competitiveness to a large extent. China's manufacturing industry has undergone a historic transformation, moving from a major manufacturing nation to a strong one. This industrial upgrade is expected to drive the Chinese machine tool industry toward high-end manufacturing. However, challenges such as low productivity, rising labor costs, and limited machining capabilities have become significant barriers to this progress. Intelligent metal cutting technology, with its features of unmanned operation, high-efficiency processing, and process integration, offers effective solutions to these issues. It helps balance efficiency, cost, and quality while paving the way for new development models and directions in the metal cutting machine tool industry. **Definition of Intelligent Metal Cutting Technology** Since the 1950s, mechanical manufacturing has evolved through several stages, including direct numerical control (DNC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer-integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS), and now intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS). These technologies aim to improve automation, integration, and decision-making in manufacturing. While DNC and FMS focus on replacing manual labor, CIMS emphasizes information and logistics integration, and IMS/IMT focuses on self-organization, learning, and adaptability. Intelligent manufacturing combines advanced digital and computational methods to model, simulate, and optimize complex processes, leading to more efficient, precise, and adaptable systems. It supports the transition from empirical trial-and-error models to science-based, data-driven approaches. **Intelligent Technology for Metal Cutting Machine Tools** Currently, there is no universally accepted definition of intelligent machine tools. The U.S. SMPI program outlines key characteristics: understanding their own capabilities, self-monitoring and optimization, quality assessment, self-learning, and machine-to-machine communication. Unlike traditional CNC machines, intelligent metal cutting tools integrate perception, reasoning, and decision-making functions. These include process integration, modular design, autonomous monitoring, and networked communication. **1. Process Integration and Modular Processing** Process integration allows multiple operations—such as turning, milling, drilling, and grinding—to be performed on a single machine. Companies like INDEX and DS-Technologie have developed multi-functional machines that reduce production complexity and increase efficiency. Modular manufacturing enables flexible configuration, allowing for rapid reconfiguration of processing units based on demand. **2. Monitoring and Decision Autonomy** Intelligent machine tools use sensors and real-time monitoring systems to detect vibrations, temperature, and surface quality. They can automatically adjust parameters and predict maintenance needs. For example, Mikron’s HSM series uses vibration sensors to monitor spindle health, while ITC systems compensate for thermal deformation to maintain precision. **3. Information and Networking** Modern machine tools require high-speed, two-way communication to connect shop floors with upper management systems. Technologies like e-Towers enable remote monitoring and real-time data exchange. Systems from Siemens and Fanuc support predictive maintenance and performance analysis, enhancing operational efficiency. **Development Trends of Intelligent Cutting Technology** Future trends include agent-based manufacturing, where workpieces, tools, and machine modules act as intelligent agents. Open manufacturing models will leverage cloud computing and shared resources to optimize production. These innovations will transform traditional top-down processes into bottom-up, collaborative systems, boosting productivity and flexibility. **Conclusion** The intelligentization of metal cutting machine tools is driving a shift toward small-batch, customized, and collaborative manufacturing. While some technologies are already commercialized, further research is needed in areas like knowledge systems, information fusion, and standardization. Strengthening R&D and promoting innovation will accelerate China’s advancement in intelligent manufacturing. **References** [1] Zhou Ji. The digitization of manufacturing is intelligent. China Mechanical Engineering, 2012. [2] Zhu Jianying. The meaning, technology and implementation of intelligent manufacturing. Aviation Manufacturing Engineering, 2013. [3] Li Shengyi. Intelligent manufacturing technology and systems. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 1995. [4] Department of Engineering and Materials Science, National Natural Science Foundation of China. Strategic Report on Mechanical Engineering Development (2011–2020). Beijing: Science Press, 2010. [5] Zhang Wei. New trends in the development of CNC machine tools. Digital Manufacturing and Equipment, 2005. [6] Liu Guangfu, Zhang Wei. Intelligent manufacturing equipment for alliance companies. Manufacturing Technology and Machine Tools, 2001. [7] Zhang Dinghua, et al. The development and application of intelligent processing technology. Aviation Manufacturing Technology, 2010. [8] Wu Baohai. The intelligent development and application of modern CNC machine tools. Aviation Manufacturing Technology, 2008. [9] Gao Binbin. Overview of the development of intelligent machine tools in the United States. National Defense Manufacturing Technology, 2009. [10] Zhang Wei. The new era of CNC: smart processing system. Aviation Manufacturing Technology, 2007.

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