Infrared security detector false alarm factor
In modern anti-theft alarm systems, infrared detection remains one of the most widely used and critical technologies. As security needs evolve and building environments become more complex, the demand for multi-functional detection solutions continues to grow. Beyond installation techniques, the advancement in detection technology has become a key factor in determining the competitiveness of an alarm system. When choosing an alarm system, the false alarm rate is often the primary concern for users, as it directly affects the reliability and usability of the system.
Currently, anti-theft alarm systems are primarily designed for intrusion detection. This involves deploying various types of detectors—such as active and passive infrared sensors, microwave detectors, door and window reed switches, emergency buttons, and glass break detectors—according to pre-set rules. These devices monitor the protected area for any unauthorized entry. Upon detecting an intrusion, the alarm controller triggers visual and audio alerts, identifies the location of the breach, and, in networked systems, sends notifications via mobile phones, tablets, landlines, IP networks, or wireless communication systems to both users and monitoring centers.
Among all detection methods, infrared-based systems are the most commonly used. Infrared detectors are divided into two main categories: active (AIR) and passive (PIR). Active infrared systems use a light emitter to send out a beam, and when it's interrupted, it triggers an alarm. These are typically used for perimeter protection due to their straight-line detection capability. Passive infrared sensors, on the other hand, detect heat emitted by humans, usually within a range of 10 to 12 meters. However, because outdoor environments can have significant temperature fluctuations and heat sources, PIR sensors are mostly suitable for indoor or controlled spaces.
The performance of infrared detectors significantly impacts the overall effectiveness of an alarm system. There are ten common factors that contribute to false alarms, which must be carefully considered during installation and system design. These include:
1. Poor resistance to radio frequency interference (RFI/EMI), leading to adjacent-channel interference.
2. Inaccurate identification of human movement patterns.
3. Sensitivity to ambient temperature and bright light.
4. Duplicate coding caused by multiple device configurations.
5. Poorly designed translucent covers.
6. Incorrect internal light component angles.
7. Improper installation techniques.
8. Interference from multiple detection technologies.
9. Manufacturing defects or operational errors.
10. Incorrect sensitivity settings, detection range, or temperature compensation.
Sensitivity and false alarm rates are inherently conflicting in alarm systems—higher sensitivity often leads to more false alarms. Many manufacturers are working to address this challenge. As shown above, false alarms in infrared systems are often linked to design and manufacturing quality. Therefore, selecting a high-performance product is the first step in minimizing false alarms and ensuring a reliable security solution.
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