Cultivation of bio-pesticide raw material pyrethrum
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1. Site selection: It is advisable to choose a plant that is cool, dry, ventilated, and loose in soil. Generally, low hilly areas and plains can be planted, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and other provinces are more cultivated. However, mountainous areas such as Fuyang, Enshi and southeast Hubei are not suitable for planting in areas with heavy acid soil, and it is not suitable for planting in too thick or low dust. The planting should be ploughed in time after the harvest of the autumn crops. The depth of the ploughing is about 0.33 meters, and the raft is 1-1.33 meters wide and 0.33 meters wide. For every 667 square meters (1 mu), apply 50-70 kg of compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and wait until the broadcast.
2. Nursery: Spring sowing pyrethrum can not bloom in the same year, winter sowing can only be flowered in the spring of the third year, autumn can be flowered in the second year, so it is better to broadcast in autumn. Autumn sowing is the key to shortening the production cycle and improving economic efficiency. Specific sowing time: spring sowing 2-4 months, autumn sowing 8-11 months. 1 week before sowing, the seeds are immersed in water for 5-6 hours. After the water is swelled, the buds are germinated for 5-6 days. About 20% of the seeds are germinated, then add appropriate amount of fine soil and mix well for sowing. Ash, lightly pressed with a wooden board, covered with straw, often sprinkled water, keep the ground moist, dry seasons need to cover the nursery, covered during the day, exposed at night. The seedlings used for seedlings are 50 grams per 667 square meters, which can be transplanted for 1.33 hectares (20 acres). Generally, they can be emerged after 15 days.
3. Transplanting: The seedling height can be transplanted by 6.6-10 cm. The transplanting should be carried out in depth and the base fertilizer should be applied. Before the transplanting, the seedbed is drenched with water, and the seedlings are mostly soiled, which is easy to survive. When planting, open the hole according to the row spacing of 0.33-0.5 meters, apply superphosphate and coke ash (grass ash can also be), plant one plant per hole, cover soil should not be too thick, to facilitate the growth of axillary buds, the first year after pyrethrum planting The output is slightly lower, the second, third and fourth years are the peak years of production, and the output is declining after the fifth year and needs to be updated. In addition to the seeding method, the regeneration method can also adopt the ramets method, that is, in the rainy days between September and October, the mother plants are divided into 4-5 strains, and one plant per pit is planted. It is also possible to adopt the cutting method, that is, in 3-4 months, choose the mother plant that grows for 2-3 years, cut the stem into the soil, cover the straw, and water it frequently until the root is alive.
4. Fertilization: Apply manure once every 10 days after transplanting, apply once every half month, apply 1000 kg per 667 square each time, prompting rapid seedling growth. After fertilization three times a year, the fertilizer should be applied before the small snow, 20 kg of calcium phosphate per 667 square meters, 15 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1000 kg of mud ash (grass ash, soil fertilizer). After the spring, apply a pumping fertilizer, apply 1500 kg of animal manure per 667 square meters, and use 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 500 grams of urea, 50 kg of water, and apply a hole at a distance of 6.6 cm from the root. Root. After the flower is collected, it is necessary to apply another fertilizer.
5. Loose soil and intercropping: After transplanting, the soil should be shallowed once, and then the soil will be weeded once in the first three days of March, April and July. The old stalk should be cut off 3.3 cm from the ground before loosening in July. In the first and second years of planting pyrethrum, the area of ​​open space is large, and intercropping can be used as crops such as corn to increase the multiple cropping index.
6. Pest Control: Pyrethrum has no pests and has fewer diseases. When the temperature is high, the humidity is high, or the fertilization is too much, the rust leaf disease and the sclerotinia disease can be caused. Once the disease occurs, the diseased plant can be removed and disinfected with 50% thiophanate powder or lime powder.
7. Flower-picking processing: During the period from May to June, when the lingual corolla has not fully expanded and the tubular corolla has been gradually developed, the effective insecticidal component content in the flower is the highest, which is the most suitable time for harvesting. The flower of pyrethrum is usually opened in more than 10 days, so it should be chosen on a sunny day. The flower harvesting period is from Xiaoman to Mang, and it should be picked in batches according to the degree of openness of the flowers. Picking should be picked when picking, without flower handles. Dry in time after harvesting, if it is dry or air-dried at 55-60 °C in rainy days, the water content will drop to 6%-12%. The whole grass is harvested in summer and autumn and dried for use. The insecticidal components contained in the herbaceous chrysanthemum are easily hydrolyzed and therefore must be sufficiently dried and protected from moisture and light. Generally not durable, such as storage for one year, the insecticidal effect is reduced by half.
Second, economic benefit analysis:
Pyrethrum can be harvested continuously for more than 7 years at a time, generally producing peak years, 667 square meters producing more than 100 kilograms of flowers, dried stems and leaves 300-500 kilograms, and income of 2000-3000 yuan. Pyrethrum cultivation management is simple, low cost, high yield, but large-scale development, must be signed with the relevant pesticide factory, mosquito-repellent incense factory and acquisition department before the implementation.