1.1 Introduction to accident emergency management The connotation of accident emergency management includes four stages of prevention, preparation, response and recovery. In the actual situation, these parts often overlap, but each part has its own individual goal and becomes part of the next phase. Prevention is to prevent emergencies or accidents from the perspective of emergency management and avoid emergency operations. Preparation, also known as preparation, is a work that takes place before an emergency occurs, mainly to establish emergency management capabilities. Response, also known as response, is an action taken before an accident and immediately during and after the accident. The restoration work should be carried out immediately after the accident. First, the accident-affected area should be restored to the minimum service, and then continue efforts to restore the area to normal conditions.

1.2 Accident emergency rescue system The accident emergency rescue system shall include the following main contents: emergency rescue organization; emergency rescue plan (plan); emergency training and drill; emergency rescue operation; After treatment.

1.2.1 Organization of Emergency Rescue System Organizations of emergency rescue systems include five aspects:

(1) Emergency commanding agencies - Coordinating the operations and relationships of the various organizations in the emergency response organization;

(2) Accident field command organization - responsible for the command of the accident site emergency, personnel scheduling, and effective use of resources;

(3) Supporting Safeguard Institutions - providing rear protection for emergency material resources and personnel support;

(4) Media agencies - arrange media coverage, interviews, press conferences;

(5) Information Management Agency - Information Management, Information Services.

1.2.2 Emergency rescue plan The emergency rescue plan is also called emergency plan. Use plans to guide emergency preparedness, training and drills, and even high-speed emergency operations. Forecasting and preparing for possible accidents; determining and preparing resources such as manpower and materials; clarifying the responsibilities of emergency organizations and personnel; designing action tactics and procedures; formulating training and exercises plans; formulating special emergency plans; formulating post-accident clearance and Resume the program. 1.2.3 Emergency training and drills Trainings and drills can be seen as part of or continuation of the emergency plan. Through training and drills, the emergency plan is verified and perfected to ensure that the emergency plan is implemented and implemented during the accident. The main goals are:

(1) The adequacy of the test plan and procedures;

(2) Testing of emergency equipment, equipment and material resources

(3) Improve the coordination ability of the emergency departments inside and outside the site;

(4) Identify and correct the defects of the plan;

(5) Raise public awareness of emergency.

1.2.4 Emergency rescue operations Emergency operations require the support and protection of the following resources: human resources; materials and equipment; and personal protective equipment. The first emergency action is to determine the on-site countermeasures, that is, the emergency action plan: on-site initial assessment; the detection of hazardous substances; the establishment of on-site working areas; the identification of key protected areas; the priority principle of action; reinforcement of echelon.

1.2.5 Cleaning and Decontamination of the Incident Site Workers and emergency team members who have contact with the site must be cleansed and cleaned. Equipment cleaning is also an important link, and the damage, purification, classification and treatment before medical treatment must also be considered.

1.2.6 Recovery after an accident After the completion of an emergency rescue operation, the recovery activities of the system mainly include: on-site alertness and safety; cleanliness; assistance to employees; assessment of damages; insurance claims; accident investigations; reconstruction.

1.3 Operation of Emergency Rescue System Emergency Rescue System To successfully accomplish the rescue mission, the system's structural system should be clearly defined. The responsibilities and functions of agencies in the emergency rescue system have been discussed previously. When an accident occurs, the system enters an effective overall operating state and completes the entire emergency rescue mission to achieve the purpose of mitigating the consequences of the accident.

1.4 Organizational Preparations and Basic Procedures for Emergency Rescue Emergency rescue preparations are mainly focused on the implementation of the organization, personnel, and equipment, and the establishment of a practical and workable system to achieve standardized management of all aspects of rescue work. The accident emergency rescue work involves the coordination of many departments and various rescue teams. In order to implement accident rescue in an orderly manner, an effective emergency rescue network system should be established. The network system should include the command system of accident emergency rescue, the communication network of various rescue departments, and the contact network with the superior rescue department. In addition, coordination with the public security, fire protection, sanitation, environmental protection, and transportation departments in the region should be established to facilitate coordinated operations.

1.5 Basic Principles and Tasks of Accident Emergency Rescue The accident emergency rescue work is based on the premise of prevention, implementing the principle of unified command, hierarchical responsibility, regional orientation, unit self-help, and social assistance. The basic tasks of emergency rescue include:

(1) Immediately organize the rescue of the victim, organize an evacuation or take other measures to protect other people in the area.

(2) Rapid control of hazards, inspection and monitoring of the hazards caused by accidents, determination of hazardous areas, nature of hazards and degree of damage.

(3) Clean the site and eliminate the harmful consequences.

(4) Find out the cause of the accident and assess the degree of damage.