Fertilization in greenhouse vegetables
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1. It is forbidden to apply nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. For example, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium phosphate nitrate, phosphorus nitrate, potassium nitrate and compound fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen are easy to cause nitrate accumulation in vegetables after application. Because 80% of the nitrates ingested by the human body come from vegetables, the nitrates are converted into nitrite under reducing conditions. The nitrites synthesize carcinogenic substances, nitrosamines, with amines in the human intestines and stomach, leading to gastric cancer. A variety of cancers such as esophageal cancer and diabetes, as well as blood poisoning and brain, heart and other organs lack of oxygen, resulting in difficulty breathing, nausea and even death.
In addition, it is not suitable to apply chlorinated fertilizers such as potassium oxide, ammonium chloride, etc. Chloride ions can reduce the starch and sugar content of vegetables, so that the quality is deteriorated, the yield is reduced, and the residual soil in the soil easily causes decalcification of the soil and causes compaction. Fertilizers such as magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate are applied to the soil, and the sulfate ions decomposed are not easily absorbed by the vegetables and remain in the soil, which is harmful to the growth of vegetables. It is forbidden to apply ammonium bicarbonate, which is easy to cause ammonia damage due to the volatile large amount of ammonia gas.
2. Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. Nitrogen fertilizer is an indispensable fertilizer in vegetable production, but it cannot be applied in excess. In order for vegetables to meet national and international standards for pollution, the nitrate content of vegetables must be reduced. To reduce the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, it should be determined according to the amount of fertilizer required by different vegetables. Generally, 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu is suitable. The nitrogen fertilizer should be applied deep, and it should be combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to apply or apply ternary compound fertilizer. After the soil should be covered in time, it is best to use the fertilizer intubation or combined with the drip irrigation under the membrane to reduce the loss, improve the utilization rate, and stop the application 20 days before harvest.
3. Apply ecological organic fertilizer. Ecological organic fertilizer produced by fermentation of livestock manure. If the target is matched with different elements, a series of special fertilizers will be formed. The organic organic fertilizer content of ecological organic fertilizer can reach 45%, which can play the role of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolving and potassium dissolving, and can also decompose residual substances of pesticides and fertilizers. Production of one ton of ecological organic fertilizer, such as fresh chicken manure 2-2.5 cubic meters, straw powder 0.2-0.3 tons, corn flour 5 kg, multi-dimensional compound enzyme bacteria 8 kg as raw materials. First mix the chicken manure with the straw powder on the water, knead it into a ball by hand, and sew water on the fingers, but do not drip the water, loose the hands and disperse, the water content is 45%, then add the cornmeal and multi-dimensional compound enzyme bacteria, then Mix and mix well without leaving blocks. They are piled up in piles and covered with a film of insulation. It can be fermented and matured in 5-6 days in spring, summer and autumn, and mature in 7-10 days in winter. Generally, the heap is 1-3 days, the temperature in the reactor rises to 80 degrees Celsius to kill E. coli and eggs, and the smell of chicken manure can be eliminated. Afterwards, the compost becomes loose and dry, and it is covered with white hyphae. After two days, Give a scent of koji. After the compost is mature, it can be applied by drying it a little. In addition, the application of bio-organic compound fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, improve soil, increase fertility, create a good environment for the growth of pollution-free vegetables.
4, the implementation of formula fertilization According to the characteristics of different vegetables, fertilizer and soil fertility, determine the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements and the corresponding fertilization techniques. According to the research results of relevant departments, the maximum demand periods for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in greenhouse vegetables are: 75-140 days after planting, 30-52 days for tomatoes, and 30-60 days for sweet peppers. The optimum fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) application ratio is 1:0.67:1.83 for cucumber, 1:0.38:1.75 for tomato, and 1:0.38:1 for sweet pepper. Although vegetables require very little trace elements, they are essential. When using micro-fertilizer leaf spray, the dosage should be set. For example, ferrous sulfate is 0.1%-0.3%, sulfuric acid is 0.05%-0.2%, borax is 0.3%-0.5%, ammonium molybdate is 0.02%-0.05%, and copper sulfate is 0.02%-0.04%. The disease is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, which not only cures disease but also increases fertility. Or spray 0.1%-0.4% urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%-0.3%. Note that leafy vegetables should not be foliar sprayed to avoid increasing nitrate content. It is not advisable to apply more diammonium phosphate. Generally, vegetables need a lot of nitrogen and potassium, and need less phosphorus. The potassium is needed most before and after flowering, and then gradually decreases.
5. Limit the use of hormones. Some vegetable farmers do not talk about the quality of vegetables. In order to pursue high yield, early maturity and morning market, the application of gibberellin (920), ethephon, paclobutrazol and other hormones promotes and ripens, greatly reducing the quality of vegetables, and people's long-term consumption is good for their health. Extremely disadvantageous.