Foliar fertilization and foliar fertilizer
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A method of spraying a fertilizer solution to obtain a nutrient element through a leaf, called foliar fertilization, for the purpose of foliar absorption, and directly applying the nutrients required for the crop to the foliar fertilizer, called foliar fertilizer.
Foliar fertilization allows nutrients to enter the body directly from the leaves, participating in the metabolism of the crops and the synthesis of organic matter, and thus is more rapid and effective than soil fertilization. Therefore, it is often used as an effective measure to treat crop deficiency in a timely manner. In the fertilization, it can also be applied in stages according to the growth period of the crops and the actual condition of the seedlings and soil fertilization, so as to fully exert the characteristics of rapid foliar fertilizer response, so as to ensure the normal growth and development of the crop under suitable fertilizer and water conditions. To achieve the goal of high yield and quality.
Second, why should foliar fertilization?
1. Insufficient root fertilization When crops are infertile in root fertilization, such as in the late stage of crop growth, root activity declines, and the ability to absorb fertilizer decreases; or when the soil environment is unfavorable for crop growth, such as excessive water, drought, soil acidity, Alkali causes the roots of crops to be absorbed, and the crops need to recover quickly. If the root application method can not meet the crop needs in time, only foliar application can be used to quickly supplement the nutrients and meet the needs of crop growth and development.
2. Rapid supplementation of nutrients During crop growth, crops have shown some nutrient deficiencies. Because of the time required for soil fertilization, nutrients can be absorbed by crops, and the symptoms of crop deficiency cannot be alleviated in time. At this time, using foliar fertilization, nutrients can quickly enter the plant through the leaves, solving the problem of deficiency.
3. Give full play to fertilizer effects Some fertilizers such as phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc fertilizer, etc., if applied as roots, are easily fixed by the soil, affecting the application effect, and foliar application is not limited by soil conditions. For example, some fruit trees and other deep root crops absorb less nutrients. If traditional fertilization methods are difficult to apply to the root absorption site, they can not fully exert their fertilizer efficiency, while foliar spray can achieve better results. effect.
4. Economical calculation of various trace elements is an essential nutrient in the process of crop growth and development, but the application amount is very small, such as molybdenum fertilizer, the application amount per acre is only a few tens of grams, if it is not easy to apply evenly by the root application method. Only by foliar application can it be cost effective. According to research estimates, the general crop sprays boron fertilizer on the foliar surface, and the utilization rate of boron is 8.18 times that of the base application. From the perspective of economic efficiency, foliar application is more cost-effective than roots.
5. Reducing pollution to the soil A large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil, which easily causes the accumulation of nitrate in groundwater and vegetables, which is harmful to human health. About 75% of the nitrates absorbed by humans come from vegetables. If foliar fertilization is adopted, appropriately reducing the amount of soil fertilization can reduce the nitrate content in plants and residual mineral nitrogen in the soil. In salinized soil, soil fertilization may increase the concentration of soil solution and increase the salinization of the soil. The use of foliar fertilization measures not only saves the amount of fertilization, but also reduces the pollution of soil and water sources. It is an effective fertilization technique with two advantages.
Third, the characteristics of foliar fertilization:
1. Absorb quickly. After fertilization in the soil, various nutrients are first adsorbed by the soil. Some fertilizers must undergo a transformation process in the soil, and then be absorbed by the roots of the crop by ion exchange or diffusion, and then reach the leaves through the vascular bundles of the roots and stems. Nutrient transport distance is long and the speed is slow. With foliar fertilization, various nutrients can be quickly absorbed by crop leaves, directly into the plant from the leaves, and participate in the metabolism of the crop. Therefore, its speed and effect are faster than the effect of soil fertilization. According to research, the speed of leaf fertilizer is about 1 times faster than that of root.
2. Strong effect. Foliar fertilization Because the nutrients directly enter the crop body from the leaf products, the absorption rate is fast, the nutrient elements in the crop body can be greatly increased in a short time, the crop deficiency condition is quickly alleviated, and the maximum benefit of the fertilizer is exerted. Foliar fertilization can effectively promote the progress of various physiological processes in crops, significantly increase the intensity of photosynthesis, increase the activity of enzymes, promote the synthesis, transformation and transportation of organic matter, facilitate the accumulation of dry matter, improve yield and improve quality. .
3. Consumption: Foliar fertilization is generally less used, especially for trace element fertilizers such as boron, manganese, molybdenum, iron, etc. Root fertilization usually requires a large amount to meet the needs of crops. Foliar fertilization is applied to the leaves of the crops, usually with a fraction of a decade or a fraction of a tenth of the soil fertilization.
4. High efficiency: the application of foliar fertilizer can efficiently utilize fertilizer, which is one of the most effective means of economic fertilizer. Fertilization by soil, due to fertilizer volatilization, loss, leakage and other reasons, fertilizer losses are serious. Due to the fixation of the soil, some of the nutrients are fixed by the soil and become ineffective nutrients, while some of the nutrients are absorbed by the field weeds. Foliar fertilization reduces the absorption and transportation of fertilizers, reduces the loss of fertilizer waste, and high fertilizer utilization.
Fourth, the use of foliar fertilization should pay attention to the problem 1. Choose the appropriate spray concentration. Foliar fertilization concentration is directly related to the effect of spraying. If the concentration of the solution is too high, the crop leaves are easily burned after spraying; the solution concentration is too low, which not only increases the workload, but also fails to meet the nutritional requirements of supplementary crops. Therefore, in the application, it should be formulated according to the local conditions due to different fertilizers and crops.
2. Choose the appropriate spray method. The preparation solution should be uniform, the spray mist should be evenly distributed, and the number of sprays needs to be seen.
3. Master the spraying period. The period of foliar fertilization should be based on the demand for nutrients in different growth stages of various crops, and the selection of crop nutrient elements should be carried out at the most and most urgently to achieve the best results.
4. Choose the appropriate spray time. The effect of foliar fertilization is directly related to temperature, humidity, wind, etc. It is best to choose foliar spray without wind or cloudy or with high humidity and small evaporation before 9:00 am. After 4 pm, if it rains 3-4 hours after spraying, it needs to be refilled.
5. Choose the appropriate spray site. The upper and middle leaves and stems of the plant have different metabolic dysfunctions, and the ability to absorb nutrients from the outside is quite different. It is necessary to select appropriate spraying sites.
6. Add auxiliaries. When spraying the fertilizer on the foliar surface, appropriate additives are added to improve the adhesion of the fertilizer solution on the leaves of the plant and promote the absorption of the fertilizer.
7. Combined with soil fertilization. Because the root has a larger and more complete absorption system than the leaf, for large amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., it is determined that more than 10 foliar fertilization can reach the total amount of nutrients absorbed by the root. Therefore, foliar fertilization cannot completely replace the root fertilization of crops and must be combined with root fertilization.
The application amount of foliar fertilizer is small, the effect is rapid and obvious, and the utilization rate of fertilizer is improved. It is a kind of fertilization measure with good economy and good effect, especially the application of some trace elements to the foliage is more unique. However, we should also see that foliar fertilization is more cumbersome and requires more labor. It is also susceptible to climatic conditions. Because of different crop types and growth periods, foliar fertilization effects vary widely. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the foliar fertilization technology correctly on the basis of root fertilization, in order to fully exert the effect of increasing yield and increasing income of foliar fertilizer.