Analysis of Causes of Cable Faults
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1) Damage to external forces. From the operation analysis of recent years, especially in Pudong, Shanghai, where the economy is rapidly developing, a considerable number of cable faults are caused by mechanical damage. For example, when the cable is laid and installed, the construction is not standardized and it is easy to cause mechanical damage. It is also easy to damage the running cable by carrying out the civil construction work on the buried cable. Sometimes if the damage is not serious, it will take several months or even several years to cause complete breakdown of the damaged part to form a fault, and sometimes severe damage may lead to a short-circuit fault, which will directly affect the safe production of electricity-using units.
2) Insulation is damp. This situation is also very common, usually occurs in the cable joints in the direct burial or exhaust pipe. For example, if the cable joints are not qualified and joints are made under humid weather conditions, the joints will be filled with water or mixed with water vapor. For a long time, the water branches will form under the action of the electric field, which will gradually damage the insulation strength of the cables and cause failures.
3) Chemical corrosion. Cables directly buried in areas with acid and alkali effects often cause cable armoring, lead sheathing, or outer sheath erosion. The protective layer is subject to long-term chemical or electrolytic corrosion, which results in failure of the protective layer and reduced insulation. Cable failure. The corrosion of the unit's cable is quite serious 4) Long-term overload operation. Overload operation, due to the thermal effect of the current, the load current will inevitably lead to heating of the conductor when passing through the cable. At the same time, the skin effect of the charge and the eddy current loss and insulation loss of the steel crucible will also generate additional heat, thus increasing the temperature of the cable. During long-term overload operation, an excessively high temperature will accelerate the aging of the insulation so that the insulation is broken down. Especially in the hot summer season, the temperature rise of the cable often leads to the first breakdown of the weak cable insulation. Therefore, in the summer, the cable fault is particularly high.
5) The cable connector is faulty. Cable joints are the weakest link in the cable route. Faults of cable joints caused by direct personnel faults (bad construction) occur frequently. In the process of making cable joints, if the joints of the joints are not tightly connected and the heating is insufficient, the insulation may be reduced, which may cause accidents.
6) Environment and temperature. The external environment and heat source of the cable can also cause the cable temperature to be too high, insulation breakdown, and even explosion.
7) Other reasons such as normal aging of cables or natural disasters.