Plastic physics, use, mechanics three comprehensive analysis of 28 technical parameters do you know a few?

January 30 17:07:26, 2024

Physical properties
performance
Description
proportion
Ratio of sample density to water density at a certain temperature
Water absorption
The sample of the specified size is immersed in water of a certain temperature, and the water absorbed after 24 hours will be affected by the size and shape after absorption.
Breathability
A certain thickness of plastic film at a pressure of one atmosphere, a square meter of air permeability in 24 hours
Moisture permeability
Water vapor transmission to plastic film
transparency
Transmittance, the ratio of the luminous flux through an object to the luminous flux incident on the object
Haze or turbidity
The astigmatism in the opposite direction of the incident light is usually translucent to the ratio of all transmitted light, but has diffuse properties to the incident light.
Mechanical properties
performance
Recommendation
Tensile Strength
Tensile force is applied to the sample at the specified test temperature, humidity and tensile speed to determine the maximum load
Compressive strength
Apply compressive force to the sample to break (brittle) or yield
Bending strength
The sample is placed on two fulcrums and a concentrated load is applied to make the sample deform or rupture.
Impact strength
Joules consumed per unit area when the sample is broken by impact
Coefficient of friction
Friction and positive pressure ratio
Wear
Mechanical failure process (wear, abrasion) of plastics changing in size during friction
hardness
Plastics resist the indentation of other hard objects (Rocks, Shore)
fatigue
Destroy plastic under a static disruption with a small amount of alternating cycles
Creep
Under the fixed temperature and humidity conditions, the plastic will exhibit creep characteristics with time under the action of solid force, and will increase with the load and decrease with the decrease.
Durable strength
The ability of plastics to withstand static loads for long periods of time is characterized by high and low time
Performance
performance
Recommendation
Linear expansion coefficient
The temperature rises by 1 degree, and the number of mm of plastic per 1 mm is generally ten times that of steel.
Specific heat
1 gram of plastic required to raise the temperature by 1 degree
Thermal Conductivity
The unit of heat that a unit of area and thickness of plastic can pass is 1% of steel.
Heat resistance
Relationship between temperature and deformation
Glass transition temperature
The temperature at which the plastic is reduced from the melt flowable temperature to the solid state, which is highly brittle.
Embrittlement temperature
When applying pressure to a plastic at a low temperature, it will break under a small deformation.
Melt Index
The amount of plastic that the melt flows through the test hole in 10 minutes at a certain temperature and pressure.
Combustibility
Expressed by the burning rate (the burning length of the sample during the combustion time) and the burning weight loss rate
Withstand voltage
Quickly raise the voltage to the specified value, and the sample will not be broken down for a certain period of time.
Aging resistance
In the process of use, storage and processing of plastics, due to the external factors, the chemical structure is destroyed and the original excellent performance is degraded.
Chemical resistance
Whether plastic is corroded in chemical media
Mold shrinkage
The plastic is molded in the mold, and the shrinkage of the molded product after the cooling is released
Plastic properties - type recommendation table
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performance
Recommendation
High abrasion resistance
nylon
Low cost to quality ratio
Urea-formaldehyde, phenolic, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC
Compressive strength
Polyterephthalamide, glass fiber reinforced phenolic, epoxy, melamine, nylon, glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyester, polyimide
Low cost to volume ratio
PE, PP, urea formaldehyde, phenolic, PS, PVC
High dielectric constant
Phenolic, PVC, fluoroplastic, melamine, allyl plastic, nylon, polyparaben, epoxy
High dielectric strength
PVC, fluoroplastic, PP, polyphenylene ether, phenolic, thermoplastic polyester, glass reinforced nylon, polyolefin, PE
High loss factor
PVC, fluoroplastic, phenolic, thermoplastic polyester, nylon, epoxy, allyl terephthalate, polyurethane
Good resistance to deformation and deformation
Thermoset laminate
High modulus of elasticity
Melamine, urea formaldehyde, phenolic
Low modulus of elasticity
PE, PC, fluoroplastic
High electrical resistance
PS, fluoroplastic, PP
High elongation at break
PE, PP, silicone, ethyl acrylate
Low elongation at break
PES, glass fiber reinforced PC, glass fiber reinforced PP, thermoplastic polyester, polyetherimide, vinyl ester, polyetheretherketone, epoxy, polyimide
Flexural modulus (rigid)
PPS, epoxy, glass fiber reinforced phenolic, glass fiber reinforced nylon, polyimide, diallyl terephthalate, etc.
Bending yield strength
Glass fiber reinforced polyurethane, epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced nylon, glass fiber reinforced PPS, polyterephthalamide, PEEK, etc.
Low coefficient of friction
Fluoroplastic, nylon, polyoxymethylene
High hardness
Melamine, glass fiber or cellulose reinforced phenolic, polyimide, epoxy
High impact strength
Phenolic, epoxy, PC, aBS
High moisture resistance
PE, PP, fluoroplastics, PPS, polyolefins, thermoplastic polyester, polyphenylene ether, PS, PC (glass or carbon fiber reinforced PC)
Softening
PE, silicone, PVC, thermoplastic elastomer, polyurethane, ethyl acetate
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performance	Description
proportion	Ratio of sample density to water density at a certain temperature
Water absorption	The sample of the specified size is immersed in water of a certain temperature, and the water absorbed after 24 hours will be affected by the size and shape after absorption.
Breathability	A certain thickness of plastic film at a pressure of one atmosphere, a square meter of air permeability in 24 hours
Moisture permeability	Water vapor transmission to plastic film
transparency	Transmittance, the ratio of the luminous flux through an object to the luminous flux incident on the object
Haze or turbidity	The astigmatism in the opposite direction of the incident light is usually translucent to the ratio of all transmitted light, but has diffuse properties to the incident light.

performance	Recommendation
Tensile Strength	Tensile force is applied to the sample at the specified test temperature, humidity and tensile speed to determine the maximum load
Compressive strength	Apply compressive force to the sample to break (brittle) or yield
Bending strength	The sample is placed on two fulcrums and a concentrated load is applied to make the sample deform or rupture.
Impact strength	Joules consumed per unit area when the sample is broken by impact
Coefficient of friction	Friction and positive pressure ratio
Wear	Mechanical failure process (wear, abrasion) of plastics changing in size during friction
hardness	Plastics resist the indentation of other hard objects (Rocks, Shore)
fatigue	Destroy plastic under a static disruption with a small amount of alternating cycles
Creep	Under the fixed temperature and humidity conditions, the plastic will exhibit creep characteristics with time under the action of solid force, and will increase with the load and decrease with the decrease.
Durable strength	The ability of plastics to withstand static loads for long periods of time is characterized by high and low time

performance	Recommendation
Linear expansion coefficient	The temperature rises by 1 degree, and the number of mm of plastic per 1 mm is generally ten times that of steel.
Specific heat	1 gram of plastic required to raise the temperature by 1 degree
Thermal Conductivity	The unit of heat that a unit of area and thickness of plastic can pass is 1% of steel.
Heat resistance	Relationship between temperature and deformation
Glass transition temperature	The temperature at which the plastic is reduced from the melt flowable temperature to the solid state, which is highly brittle.
Embrittlement temperature	When applying pressure to a plastic at a low temperature, it will break under a small deformation.
Melt Index	The amount of plastic that the melt flows through the test hole in 10 minutes at a certain temperature and pressure.
Combustibility	Expressed by the burning rate (the burning length of the sample during the combustion time) and the burning weight loss rate
Withstand voltage	Quickly raise the voltage to the specified value, and the sample will not be broken down for a certain period of time.
Aging resistance	In the process of use, storage and processing of plastics, due to the external factors, the chemical structure is destroyed and the original excellent performance is degraded.
Chemical resistance	Whether plastic is corroded in chemical media
Mold shrinkage	The plastic is molded in the mold, and the shrinkage of the molded product after the cooling is released

performance	Recommendation
High abrasion resistance	nylon
Low cost to quality ratio	Urea-formaldehyde, phenolic, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC
Compressive strength	Polyterephthalamide, glass fiber reinforced phenolic, epoxy, melamine, nylon, glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyester, polyimide
Low cost to volume ratio	PE, PP, urea formaldehyde, phenolic, PS, PVC
High dielectric constant	Phenolic, PVC, fluoroplastic, melamine, allyl plastic, nylon, polyparaben, epoxy
High dielectric strength	PVC, fluoroplastic, PP, polyphenylene ether, phenolic, thermoplastic polyester, glass reinforced nylon, polyolefin, PE
High loss factor	PVC, fluoroplastic, phenolic, thermoplastic polyester, nylon, epoxy, allyl terephthalate, polyurethane
Good resistance to deformation and deformation	Thermoset laminate
High modulus of elasticity	Melamine, urea formaldehyde, phenolic
Low modulus of elasticity	PE, PC, fluoroplastic
High electrical resistance	PS, fluoroplastic, PP
High elongation at break	PE, PP, silicone, ethyl acrylate
Low elongation at break	PES, glass fiber reinforced PC, glass fiber reinforced PP, thermoplastic polyester, polyetherimide, vinyl ester, polyetheretherketone, epoxy, polyimide
Flexural modulus (rigid)	PPS, epoxy, glass fiber reinforced phenolic, glass fiber reinforced nylon, polyimide, diallyl terephthalate, etc.
Bending yield strength	Glass fiber reinforced polyurethane, epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced nylon, glass fiber reinforced PPS, polyterephthalamide, PEEK, etc.
Low coefficient of friction	Fluoroplastic, nylon, polyoxymethylene
High hardness	Melamine, glass fiber or cellulose reinforced phenolic, polyimide, epoxy
High impact strength	Phenolic, epoxy, PC, aBS
High moisture resistance	PE, PP, fluoroplastics, PPS, polyolefins, thermoplastic polyester, polyphenylene ether, PS, PC (glass or carbon fiber reinforced PC)
Softening	PE, silicone, PVC, thermoplastic elastomer, polyurethane, ethyl acetate