Anemone Planting Preparation

Planting anemones in southern China is typically done from early September to mid-November, with blooming occurring from mid-November to late April. For greenhouse cultivation, it's essential to have insulation, drip irrigation, shading, and proper ventilation systems in place.

When growing anemones under natural conditions, planting usually occurs in late September when temperatures are below 20°C. Before planting, soak the roots in water for 1–2 days to help them absorb moisture and expand. Prepare a potting mix using 3 parts garden soil, 1 part humus soil, and 1 part compost or chicken manure per pot. Place 3–5 bulbs in a 20 cm diameter pot, ensuring the root tips are facing down. Water thoroughly after planting and place the pots in a sunny area. New leaves should appear within about 20 days.

In winter, if grown in a greenhouse or cold frame, anemones can continue growing at temperatures above 5°C and may even form flower buds earlier. However, due to lower temperatures and reduced water needs, watering should be carefully controlled to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Watering is generally done every 3 days, depending on humidity levels. If the temperature drops, reduce the frequency of watering. Apply a diluted cake fertilizer (10%) every two weeks to support growth.

For open-field cultivation, anemones can survive winter if temperatures don’t drop below -10°C. They will begin to bloom in spring, around mid-February, and can be encouraged to flower as early as March with proper care. During the flowering period, apply a 10% cake fertilizer solution once a week to promote bud formation until May. In March and April, if leaf miner damage is observed, spray a 1500-fold solution of omethoate every 3–5 days. As temperatures rise, older leaves will turn yellow. When the leaves are nearly completely dried by June, dig up the underground roots but do not divide them immediately. Keep them dry to prevent rot. After drying, store them in a well-ventilated, dry place using bamboo poles or similar supports. Potted plants can be placed in a dry, sheltered spot, and watering should be stopped until September.

The single-flowering period of European anemones lasts about a week, and seeds mature 7–10 days after flowering. At this point, the fruit changes from turquoise to grayish-yellow and feels soft, indicating it’s time to harvest. Seeds should be dried after harvesting and stored in a well-ventilated, rain-free area.

Anemone Breeding Methods

1. Sowing: Single-petal varieties are easy to grow from seed. Sow seeds at temperatures below 20°C between August and October. Due to their small size and fluffy nature, seeds should be sown with sand. Use loose, flat soil, water the surface, and cover lightly with sawdust or grass ash. Germination usually takes about 15 days, followed by transplanting once 2–3 true leaves appear. After the seedlings strengthen, apply a light fertilizer solution and allow them to overwinter. They will bloom in their second year, and field shading with tall crops like corn can be beneficial. Harvest seeds in batches as needed.

2. Bulb Division: Double-flowered varieties are often propagated through bulb division. Cultivars are planted between August and October, covering 3 cm deep. Flowers bloom from April to June. After flowering, the roots and stems enlarge. Once the leaves die back, the bulbs are dug up, disinfected, dried, and buried in dry sand for summer storage with good ventilation.

Anemone Variety Selection

Crowned anemone cut flowers come in red, blue, purple, lavender, pink, white, and mixed colors. Choose large, semi-double varieties with long flowering branches. Popular European market series include Marianne, MonaLisa, Jerusalem, Galilee, and Christina.

Anemone Growing Conditions

Select a plot with plenty of sunlight, deep soil rich in organic matter, and well-drained, loose soil with a pH of 6.5. Apply base fertilizer before planting, mainly composted manure, and add 300–400 kg of lime per mu. Mix in some humus soil to improve structure. After deep tilling, create raised beds 1 meter wide, 0.3 meters deep, and 0.4 meters wide.

Anemone Bulb Processing

Before planting, anemone bulbs should be dry. Soak them in water for 24–36 hours to fully expand. Clean the bulbs to remove dirt and residue. Healthy bulbs should be firm, cone-shaped, or slightly protruding, with a gray-black color. Discard any diseased, damaged, or bruised bulbs. Cut flower bulbs should be at least 5 cm in diameter, with ideal sizes ranging from 6–9 cm.

After cleaning, high-quality bulbs are soaked in chlorothalonil or carbendazim for 20–30 minutes, then dried. Pack them in perlite, with no more than 5 layers per box. To promote rooting and germination, store bulbs at 1–3°C for 3–5 weeks. After removing from cold storage, place them at 15–18°C for germination, which should occur within 8–10 days. Healthy germinated bulbs should have thick, strong buds, abundant roots, and no signs of rot or disease.

Anemone Planting

Once the bulbs have rooted and sprouted 1–2 cm, planting can begin. Ensure the soil is moist before planting. Cover the germination part appropriately. Plant bulbs 30 cm apart in rows. Water after planting and avoid transplanting, as it can cause poor growth or death.

Anemone Field Management

In the early stages, use an 80% shade net to protect young plants and ensure timely watering. If temperatures are low in late October, shading may not be necessary. Avoid overly wet soil during the seedling stage to prevent root rot. Fertilize when the plant has 5–6 true leaves. Maintain good ventilation, provide adequate light, and keep daytime temperatures between 15–23°C and nighttime temperatures between 5–10°C. Apply a small amount of 20:10:20 compound fertilizer. During the vegetative growth phase, apply more calcium and potassium fertilizers—10–12 kg of nitrogen per acre and 8–10 kg of calcium. Water regularly but avoid overwatering, keeping the soil moist for 2–4 days. In winter, ensure proper insulation to prevent frost and maintain daily ventilation in greenhouses. To maintain consistent cut flower quality, control the number of flowering stems early on. Anemones will produce a large number of flowers from December to April. Remove weeds and diseased foliage, cut off weak flower stems, and spray pesticides promptly to prevent pests and diseases. Use shade nets to ensure high-quality cut flowers.

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