Different types of vegetable seed disinfection rules
August 31 03:20:41, 2025
In the process of vegetable disease prevention and control, seed disinfection plays a crucial role in managing internal and external bacteria present in seeds as well as soil-borne pathogens during the seedling stage. The **China Pesticides Network** has compiled several effective disinfection methods for different types of vegetable seeds to help farmers reduce disease risks before planting.
For **melon seeds**, common bacterial and fungal diseases include cucumber blight, anthracnose, scab, and powdery mildew. These pathogens can remain dormant within the seeds or attach to their surfaces. Effective disinfection techniques include:
1. **Chemical treatment**: Use 50% Fumex WP at 0.4% of the seed weight, or 4–5 grams of Green Heng No. 2 wettable powder per kilogram of seeds to kill fungal pathogens.
2. **Hot water soaking**: Soak seeds in 55°C warm water for 15 minutes, then cool with cold water before sowing.
3. **Pesticide soaking**:
- Formalin (40%) diluted 100 times for 30 minutes.
- Carbendazim (50%) diluted 500 times for 1 hour, or 72% Plex water 800 times for 30 minutes.
- Dexamethasone (50%) diluted 500 times for 1 hour.
- Imidazole hydrochloride (100%) diluted 500 times for 1–2 hours.
- Bleach solution (2–3%) for 30–60 minutes to control bacterial wilt.
For **cucumber bacterial angular spot**, hot water soaking at 55°C for 10 minutes is recommended, followed by drying and sowing. Alternatively, formalin (150 times) for 150 minutes, or agricultural streptomycin (10 million units) diluted 300–500 times for 2–3 hours can also be used.
**Onion and garlic** seeds require special care. For black rot, use 50% captan, hexachlorobenzene, or thiram at a ratio of 1:4. For anthracnose and black spot, soak seeds in 40% formalin (300 times) for 3 hours. When using bulbs, immerse them in 40–45°C water for 90 minutes to kill pathogens. For stem nematodes, soak bulbs in 45°C water for 90 minutes or 43.5°C for 2 hours, then cool and dry. For downy mildew, soak seeds in 50°C water for 25 minutes, or bulbs in 45°C water for 90 minutes.
For **cabbage and root vegetables**, black rot can be controlled by soaking seeds in 50°C water for 20–30 minutes, or in 0.1% mancozeb for 15 minutes. Downy mildew can be managed by floating seeds in 10% saltwater, then washing and drying. Root rot can be treated with 55°C water for 15 minutes or 40% formalin (200 times) for 40–25 minutes.
**Tomato and eggplant** seeds benefit from different treatments. Viral diseases can be addressed by washing seeds in soapy water, then soaking in 0.1% potassium permanganate for 10–15 minutes. Early blight and leaf mold can be controlled by soaking in 55°C water for 30 minutes. Black spot requires pre-soaking in cold water for 6–15 hours, then in 1% copper sulfate for 5 minutes. Anthracnose can be treated similarly, with the addition of ash after rinsing.
The **Pesticide Network** reminds farmers that selecting the right method based on the specific disease and crop type is essential for effective disease control. By applying these techniques, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of plant infections and improve overall yield. It's always best to consult local experts for region-specific recommendations.
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