Different types of vegetable seed disinfection rules
August 31 03:18:28, 2025
In the process of vegetable disease prevention and control, seed disinfection plays a crucial role in managing internal and external bacteria as well as soil-borne pathogens during the early stages of seedling development. The China Pesticides Network has compiled several effective disinfection methods for different types of vegetable seeds, offering valuable guidance for farmers.
For melon seeds, common bacterial diseases include cucumber blight, anthracnose, scab, and others. These pathogens can remain dormant inside the seeds or attach to their surface. To manage them, several methods are available:
1. **Chemical treatment**: Using 50% Fumex WP at 0.4% of the seed weight, or 4–5 grams per kilogram of Green Heng No. 2 wettable powder, both are effective in eliminating fungal pathogens.
2. **Hot water soaking**: Soak seeds in 55°C warm water for 15 minutes, then cool with cold water before sowing.
3. **Pesticide soaking**:
- Formalin: Soak in 40% formalin diluted 100 times for 30 minutes.
- Carbendazim or Plex: Use 50% carbendazim diluted 500 times for 1 hour, or 72% Plex diluted 800 times for 30 minutes.
- Dexamethasone: Soak in 50% dexamethasone diluted 500 times for 1 hour.
- Imidazole hydrochloride: Soak in 100% imidazole hydrochloride diluted 500 times for 1–2 hours.
- Bleach solution: Soak in 2–3% bleach for 30–60 minutes.
For bacterial angular spot on cucumbers, hot water soaking (55°C for 10 minutes) is recommended, followed by drying and sowing. Formalin soaking (150 times dilution for 150 minutes) or agricultural streptomycin (10 million units per 300–500 times dilution for 2–3 hours) can also be used.
For onion and garlic seeds, various treatments target specific diseases. For black rot, mix 50% captan, hexachlorobenzene, or thiram with seeds at a ratio of 1:4. For anthracnose and black spot, soak in 40% formalin diluted 300 times for 3 hours. For stem nematode, soak bulbs in 45°C water for 90 minutes. For downy mildew, soak seeds in 50°C water for 25 minutes. Garlic diseases like white rot and leaf blight can be controlled using 50% methyl thiophanate or carbendazim.
Cabbage and root vegetables such as radishes require different approaches. For black rot, soak seeds in 50°C water for 20–30 minutes or use 0.1% mancozeb. Downy mildew can be managed with 10% salt water, while root rot can be treated with 55°C water or 40% formalin diluted 200 times.
For solanaceous crops like tomatoes and peppers, viral diseases can be controlled by washing seeds in soapy water, followed by a 10–15 minute soak in 0.1% potassium permanganate. Early blight and leaf mold can be addressed with 55°C water soaking, while black spot requires cold water soaking followed by copper sulfate treatment.
The pesticide network reminds farmers that selecting the right method based on the type of disease and crop is essential for efficient and effective disease management. By applying these techniques, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of infection and improve crop yield. It’s always best to consult local agricultural experts for tailored advice.
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