The effective pipe construction method used in non-excavation projects is an underground pipeline technique that evolved after the shield tunneling method. This approach eliminates the need to dig up the surface, allowing pipelines to be installed beneath roads, railways, rivers, buildings, and existing underground structures, as well as other utility lines.
Currently, there are various types of pipe jacking machines available in the market, with the main differences lying in how they balance earth pressure and groundwater pressure, as well as the method used to drive the working face. Pipe jacking machines can generally be categorized into two basic types:
1. Open-face pipe jacking machine: This type does not have a sealed pressure zone between the working face and the following section of the pipe. One key advantage is that workers can easily access the working face for maintenance or adjustments. However, this also makes it more suitable for stable soil conditions, as there is no pressure control system to prevent collapse.
2. Closed-face pipe jacking machine: Also known as a pressurized pipe jacking machine, it features a pressure partition between the excavation face and the working chamber. This helps maintain stability and prevents ground settlement. Depending on the balancing medium used, closed-face machines can be further classified into three types: pneumatic balance, slurry balance, and earth pressure balance. Each type is designed for different soil conditions and project requirements.
Pipe jacking technology has become a vital part of modern infrastructure development, especially in urban areas where traditional excavation methods are impractical. With continuous advancements in machinery and engineering techniques, this method continues to improve in efficiency, safety, and environmental compatibility.
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