Ebony is a term often associated with the ancient wood found in Sichuan, not the black hardwood native to Africa. This unique material dates back between 2,000 and 10,000 years, formed when natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and landslides buried trees in low-lying areas such as ancient riverbeds. Over time, under anoxic and high-pressure conditions, microorganisms like bacteria transformed these submerged trees into what is known as "carbonized wood," a process that can take thousands or even tens of thousands of years.
In ancient times, ebony was considered sacred and used in rituals to ward off evil spirits. It was highly valued by royalty, with intricate handicrafts and Buddhist statues made from it serving as offerings. Amulet pendants crafted from ebony were also believed to bring protection and good fortune. As the saying goes: “Having ebony in your home is better than having a chest full of treasures.†Due to its rarity and value, it's often referred to as “soft gold†among the people.
The Sanxingdui ebony, much like the famous artifacts discovered there, represents a significant part of Sichuan’s cultural heritage and the ancient Shu civilization. Often called “living fossils,†it holds deep historical and spiritual significance.
Most of the ebony is found along the Sijo River and its tributaries in Sichuan. Carbon dating by enthusiasts has shown that most pieces range from 2,000 to 40,000 years old. This long history has given it a unique, mysterious appearance—twisted, elegant, and graceful. It's no wonder that foreign visitors are amazed by its beauty, calling it the “Oriental God Wood.â€
The ancient riverbed near Sanxingdui is one of the richest sources of ebony. According to carbon-14 dating by China University of Geosciences, some pieces are around 3,200 years old. My collection is just 10 kilometers away from the Sanxingdui site, making it a rare and meaningful addition to my collection.
There are many types of ebony, including willow, Cyclobalanopsis, camphor, Nanmu (Phoebe nanmu), red eucalyptus, red bean, Masang, cork, eucalyptus, and sandalwood. Trees with aromatic and antibacterial properties can form ebony. In Mianyuan River area of Deyang City, a large piece of ebony with a diameter of three meters was discovered, revealing how rich and diverse the ancient ecosystem once was.
Ebony is hard, typically dark brown, black-red, golden, or yellowish-brown. Its surface is smooth, with fine grain and a polished finish that can shine like a mirror. Some varieties resemble red sandalwood. It does not fade, decay, or attract insects, making it ideal for crafting art pieces and antique furniture.
Archaeologists have used the study of Sanxingdui ebony to understand the environment where a large number of elephant tusks were found. The spiritual power of ebony has been studied by experts at the Palace Museum, who believe it promotes blood circulation and may even contribute to longevity. Monks regard it as a powerful tool for spiritual protection.
As a non-renewable resource, the availability of natural ebony is decreasing, making authentic pieces increasingly rare and valuable. Collectors seek out these pieces not only for their beauty but also for their historical and cultural significance.
**Interpretation:** Ebony, also known as Uwenmu.
**Odor:** Sweet, salty, mild, and non-toxic.
**Indications:** Used for detoxification, treating cholera and vomiting. Use wood chips, mix with warm wine and consume.
**Main Production Areas:**
Primarily found in Sichuan, China, and other regions in the country.
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