Selection of pesticides in orchards
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July 26 12:23:57, 2025
In today's agricultural practices, it is crucial to make rational choices when selecting pesticides, ensuring they are both effective and safe. One of the most promising options is **biological pesticides**, which offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to pest management. Among these, **avermectin** stands out as a high-efficiency bio-pesticide derived from fermentation and purification processes. It effectively controls a wide range of pests, including red spider mites, pear hibiscus, and scale insects, while being harmless to humans, animals, and beneficial organisms. Avermectin leaves no residue and causes no environmental pollution. Popular formulations include Abadin, Qiqisu, Aifuding, Aweidiqing, and 7051 acaricide.
Avermectin primarily works through stomach toxicity and can also be absorbed through contact or lateral transmission. By disrupting the nervous system of pests, it quickly paralyzes them, causing them to stop feeding and die within hours. Importantly, it is less likely to lead to resistance and remains effective against pests that have developed resistance to other chemical pesticides. Variants like 1% Haizheng worms, 1.8% gibberin, and 1.8% violent are widely used for controlling mites, pear hibiscus, and golden moths, offering high efficiency, low toxicity, and safety.
Another important biological pesticide is **Bt insecticides**, which are particularly effective in preventing early defoliation. These preparations are cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally safe. They are ideal for producing high-quality, non-polluted fruits with minimal residue. Bt-based fungicides are fast-acting and systemic, making them an excellent choice for modern, eco-friendly agriculture. Notable products include Pinghuo Keling, Kangzhuling, Guofukang, Reqiguoshukang, Lvbaodan, and 9281 high-efficiency rot.
For apple tree diseases such as fruit rot and dry rot, traditional treatments like Fumei arsenic were once commonly used, but they left significant residues and harmed the trees. Today, safer alternatives like Rotification, 9281, and bactericidal clearing are preferred due to their zero-residue properties.
Diseases like fruit tree ring disease and anthrax can be effectively managed using products like Dasheng M-45, Xiansheng, methyl thiophanate, and carbendazim. In the past, organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides were heavily used, but they often harmed natural enemies and increased pest resistance. Modern alternatives like chlorpyrifos No. 3, chlorpyrifos, and non-polluting biological regulators such as No. 2 are more sustainable. Diflubenzuron, for example, is a non-toxic option that targets lepidopteran pests by affecting both larvae and eggs, and even causing infertility in adult insects.
Peach worms are a major threat to apples, pears, and dates. Traditionally, 1605 was used, but it was highly toxic and caused serious health issues. Recently, safer options like Tao Xiaoling and low-toxicity, high-efficiency peach small net have proven effective. For mite control, omethoate was long used, but resistance has become widespread. Imidacloprid, developed by Bayer in Germany, has become a game-changer, reducing the need for multiple applications. China now produces its own imidacloprid-based pesticides, such as Phlegm, Once Clean, and Phlegm, which have shown excellent results in pest control.