Selection of pesticides in orchards

In today’s agricultural production environment, it is essential to make rational choices when selecting pesticides. The use of scientific and safe methods should be prioritized, with a strong emphasis on promoting **biological pesticides** as a sustainable alternative. One such example is **avermectin**, a high-efficiency bio-pesticide derived from fermentation and purification processes. Avermectin is effective against a wide range of pests, including insects, mites, and nematodes, and has proven particularly useful in controlling specific pests like red spider mites, pear hibiscus, and scale insects. It is not only safe for humans, animals, and beneficial organisms but also leaves no residue or environmental pollution. Popular formulations of avermectin include products such as Abadin, Qiqisu, Aifuding, Aweidiqing, and 7051 acaricide. These agents primarily act through oral toxicity and can also spread laterally among pests. By interfering with the nervous system of target pests, they cause paralysis, loss of appetite, and death within hours. Avermectin is less likely to lead to resistance and remains effective even against pests that have developed resistance to other conventional pesticides. Variants like 1% Haizheng worms, 1.8% gibberin, and 1.8% violent are known for their high efficiency, low toxicity, and safety, making them ideal for integrated pest management strategies. Another important category of biological pesticides is **Bt insecticides**, which are especially effective in preventing early leaf drop in fruit trees. Bt preparations are cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly, with no harmful residues. They are ideal for producing high-quality, pesticide-free fruits. Some representative Bt-based products include Pinghuo Keling, Kangzhuling, Guofukang, Reqiguoshukang, Lvbaodan, and 9281 high-efficiency rot. These fungicides are fast-acting, systemic, and considered eco-friendly alternatives in modern agriculture. For diseases like apple tree rot and dry rot, traditional treatments like Fumei arsenic were once widely used, but they left significant residues and could harm the tree itself. Modern alternatives such as Rotification, 9281, and Bactericidal Clearing offer safer, residue-free options. Similarly, for fruit tree ring disease and anthrax, products like Dasheng M-45, Xiansheng, methyl thiophanate, and carbendazim have shown excellent results. Historically, organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides were heavily used to control lepidopteran pests, but these often harmed natural enemies and increased pest resistance. Alternatives like chlorpyrifos No. 3, chlorpyrifos, and non-polluting biological regulators such as No. 2 are now preferred. Diflubenzuron, a non-toxic pesticide, is highly effective against lepidopteran pests, targeting both larvae and eggs, and even causing infertility in adult stages. Peach worms are major pests affecting apples, pears, and dates. Traditional controls like 1605 were toxic, left residues, and posed risks to humans and animals. In recent years, safer options like Tao Xiaoling, low-toxicity peach small net, and fruit insecticides have proven effective. Acaricides such as omethoate were long used but have led to resistance issues. Imidacloprid, a compound developed by Bayer in Germany, has become a popular choice due to its effectiveness and reduced need for multiple applications. China now produces several imidacloprid-based pesticides, including Phlegm, Once Clean, and Phlegm, which have demonstrated excellent performance in pest control.

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