Italian scientists extract SO2 substitutes from grape seeds
July 24 10:20:04, 2025
Integrapes, an Italian company, is currently exploring the use of a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent derived from grape seeds. This innovative preservative is being compared to sulfur dioxide in terms of its effectiveness, but with the advantage of being entirely natural.
Wines that incorporate these natural antioxidants tend to showcase a more vibrant and authentic aroma, particularly highlighting delicate floral notes. In contrast, traditional sulfur dioxide-based preservatives can dull or mask these natural characteristics, making the wine less expressive of its true flavor profile.
The key ingredient comes from polyphenols found in grape seeds, which are carefully extracted and introduced into the winemaking process at various stages—such as during grape juice preparation or after fermentation. The timing and quantity of addition vary depending on the type of wine, whether it's red, white, rosé, or sparkling. Typically, one liter of this natural antioxidant is used for every two liters of wine, applied after alcohol fermentation and malolactic fermentation, but before bottling.
Importantly, the final product contains no sulfur dioxide, yet still maintains a strong aging potential—something that many "natural wines" lack. Sulfur dioxide has long been used in winemaking due to its reducing properties, which help preserve the wine’s color, flavor, and stability. However, it can leave behind residual levels in the finished product.
From a health perspective, sulfur dioxide is generally considered safe in small amounts. Once ingested, it converts to sulfite in the body and is then transformed into sulfate by an enzyme called sulfite oxidase. This inert compound is eventually excreted through urine. Most people can tolerate low levels of sulfur dioxide without issue. However, excessive exposure can lead to adverse effects, which is why its use must be strictly regulated.
Additionally, about 1% of the population, especially those with asthma, may experience allergic reactions to sulfur dioxide. As a result, many countries—including China—impose strict limits on the amount of sulfur dioxide allowed in imported wines. Because of these concerns, researchers and winemakers around the world are increasingly turning their attention to natural alternatives like the one developed by Integrapes, aiming to create healthier, more sustainable wines without compromising quality or longevity.
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