How to adjust the pool pH
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August 28 12:25:25, 2025
Maintaining the correct pH level in swimming pool water is essential for effective disinfection and overall water quality. When the pH is too high or too low, it can significantly affect the performance of disinfectants, leading to poor sanitation and potential health risks. The ideal pH range for swimming pools, as set by national standards, is between 6.5 and 8.5. However, the optimal pH for human comfort and health is around 7.2–7.6, which is why maintaining this balance is crucial.
When the pH of the pool water exceeds 8.0, the majority of the chlorine present exists as hypochlorite (OClâ»), while only a small portion remains as hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is the active form of chlorine responsible for killing bacteria and algae. This shift reduces the effectiveness of the disinfectant, leading to issues like green algae growth, frequent water treatment, and low or undetectable residual chlorine levels. This is not due to the quality of the disinfectant but rather improper pH control. In such cases, the water becomes alkaline, and the solution involves acid-base neutralization.
One way to lower the pH is by adding hydrochloric acid. For example, if the pH is 8.2, you may need to add 5–10 kg of hydrochloric acid per 1000 cubic meters of water. However, since acids are highly corrosive, it’s recommended to use an automated dosing pump for safety. Another option is to dilute the water with fresh water, which can help reduce alkalinity over time. Most pool water tends to be slightly acidic, and swimmers' sweat also contributes to this balance.
On the other hand, when the pH is below 7.0, the situation is reversed. At this point, most of the chlorine is in the form of HOCl, which is highly active but short-lived. This leads to rapid depletion of residual chlorine, making it less effective for long-term disinfection. To address this, the pH should be adjusted to around 7.5, which is the optimal level for chlorine to function efficiently. At this pH, about half of the added chlorine is converted into residual chlorine, ensuring better disinfection and cost efficiency.
To raise the pH, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate is commonly used. For every 1.0 increase in pH, approximately 10 grams of sodium hydroxide per cubic meter of water is required. For example, to raise the pH by 1 in 1000 cubic meters, you would need 10 kg of sodium hydroxide. Alternatively, sodium carbonate can be used at a rate of 15 grams per cubic meter for the same pH increase. Both methods are effective, and the choice depends on the specific needs of the pool.
Proper pH management is key to maintaining clean, safe, and comfortable swimming pool water. It ensures that disinfectants work effectively, protects swimmers’ health, and helps reduce operational costs. Regular testing and adjustments are necessary to keep the water within the ideal range. By following these guidelines, pool operators can ensure a consistently high-quality swimming environment.
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