FRP, or fiberglass-reinforced plastic, is widely known as FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics). It's essentially a composite plastic where fibers are embedded within a resin matrix. Depending on the type of fiber used, it can be categorized as glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP), carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), or even boron fiber-reinforced plastic. At its core, it combines glass fibers—whether in the form of fabric, tape, felt, or yarn—with a synthetic resin base.

The composite material consists of two main components: reinforcing fibers and a matrix. The fibers, which typically have a diameter under 10 micrometers, are incredibly strong yet brittle. They can endure significant tensile loads before breaking, but they're vulnerable to damage and corrosion. In contrast, the matrix, which holds everything together, is far less robust in terms of strength and stiffness. However, it's more flexible and capable of handling larger deformations, making it a more ductile component.

Composite materials exist because no single material can fulfill all functional needs. By combining multiple materials, engineers create a hybrid substance tailored to specific requirements. For instance, glass fibers alone are strong but lack structural integrity—they're flexible and unable to resist complex stresses like bending or compression. When combined with synthetic resins, though, they become rigid, durable objects capable of withstanding various types of pressure while retaining their shape.

This combination defines what we call glass fiber-reinforced plastic. Its name stems from its steel-like durability coupled with the aesthetic appeal and insulating qualities of glass. Although it may seem straightforward today, the term "FRP" wasn't always so established. It was coined back in 1958 by Lai Jifa, a former official in China’s construction and materials industries. Initially confined to the building sector, the concept eventually spread nationwide and gained widespread acceptance over time.

In recent years, advancements in China’s FRP sector have broadened the scope of reinforcing materials beyond just glass fibers. Carbon fibers, boron fibers, aramid fibers, aluminum oxide fibers, and silicon carbide fibers are now common alternatives. These modern fibers represent a leap forward in performance, leading to higher-grade composites. While the traditional label of "glass fiber-reinforced plastic" still applies to certain applications, the broader category of FRP composites better captures the diversity of today’s offerings. Given this evolution, using the term "FRP composites" seems both logical and inclusive.

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