Welding is a common industrial process that involves high heat, bright light, and potentially hazardous materials. Despite its widespread use, it poses several significant occupational risks. Understanding these hazards is crucial for ensuring the safety of welders and others in the workplace.

1. **Welding Arc Hazards** – The intense light from the welding arc can cause serious damage to the eyes and skin. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation may lead to conditions like photokeratitis, also known as "welder's flash." Symptoms include eye irritation, pain, and sensitivity to light. In severe cases, it can result in long-term vision issues. To protect against this, welders should always wear an auto-darkening helmet and avoid looking directly at the arc.

2. **Welding Fumes** – During the welding process, harmful fumes are released from the metal being welded and the electrode. These fumes contain toxic substances such as manganese, zinc, and other heavy metals. Long-term inhalation can lead to respiratory diseases, including pneumoconiosis and metal fume fever. Proper ventilation and the use of low-toxicity welding rods can significantly reduce these risks.

3. **Toxic Gases** – High-temperature arcs can generate harmful gases like nitrogen oxides. Poor ventilation can cause these gases to accumulate, posing a serious threat to health. Welders must ensure adequate airflow in the workspace and use gas masks when necessary.

4. **Burns and Scalds** – Molten metal and sparks from the welding process can cause burns and scalds. Protective clothing, such as fire-resistant gloves and aprons, should be worn at all times. Workers should also keep their work area clean and avoid wearing synthetic fabrics that can melt easily.

5. **Fire and Explosion Risks** – Sparks and molten metal can ignite flammable materials nearby, leading to fires or explosions. Before starting any welding task, it’s essential to clear the area of combustible materials and use fire-resistant shields where necessary.

6. **Electric Shock** – Welders are at risk of electric shock if they come into contact with live electrical components. Ensuring proper grounding, using insulated tools, and following safety protocols can help prevent accidents, especially in wet or confined spaces.

To minimize these risks, employers and workers should implement comprehensive safety measures. This includes providing personal protective equipment (PPE), training employees on safe practices, and maintaining well-ventilated and organized workspaces. Regular inspections of equipment and adherence to safety standards are also essential in preventing welding-related injuries and illnesses.

China Labor Insurance Network