Before starting the composting process, gather crop straw, human waste, livestock manure, and a proper amount of horse manure along with grain. This preparation should be done one month before fertilization to ensure all materials are ready for the next steps.
First, cut the crop straw into small pieces, approximately 3 cm in length. Then mix the human, livestock, and poultry manure with the crushed straw in a ratio of 3:7. After mixing, add water to achieve the right moisture level, which is essential for microbial activity during decomposition.
Next, create a compost pile by first laying down a layer of horse manure or sputum to form a base. Then, pour hot water over it to create a warm center, which helps accelerate the fermentation process. Place the mixed straw on top of this warm layer and build it into a round pile. The height of the pile should be at least 1.5 meters to maintain optimal temperature.
Once the pile is formed, monitor it daily. Check the internal temperature regularly and try to keep it around 60°C, with a maximum limit of 70°C. This temperature range is ideal for microbial activity, which speeds up the breakdown of organic matter. Every 7 days, turn the pile and add water to maintain moisture. Repeat this process 3 to 4 times over the course of 30 days. After this period, the compost should be dark, soft, and have an earthy smell. When squeezed by hand, it should easily fall apart without clumping.
For application, this compost can be used as a base fertilizer. In general fields, apply 1 to 1.5 tons per mu. For open-field vegetable plots, use 2 to 3 tons per acre. In greenhouses or controlled environments, apply the compost either as a full-layer or in strips, with a recommended rate of 3 to 5 tons per acre.
This composting method not only improves soil fertility but also reduces waste and promotes sustainable farming practices. By following these steps carefully, farmers can produce high-quality organic fertilizer that enhances crop growth and soil health.