For the causes of bolt hole cracks, based on the actual conditions at road maintenance sites, prevention and treatment can be approached from several key aspects. One of the most important is to strengthen the maintenance and repair of rail joints, ensuring they remain in good condition. A significant portion of track work revolves around these connectors. Moreover, joint-related issues are among the primary causes of bolt hole cracks.
Timely repairs of problems such as low joints, dark pits, and misaligned teeth are essential. Keeping the rail joints smooth and in overall good condition helps reduce the impact between wheels and rails, which in turn lowers the maximum stress on the bolt hole walls. This significantly reduces the likelihood of crack formation and extends the service life of the bolt holes.
In practice, it's crucial to strictly follow the torque specifications for joint bolts outlined in the regulations. Maintaining well-secured joints minimizes the impact from train wheels. Adding an elastic pad at the joint area and promptly replacing damaged or worn rubber pads can further reduce the impact on the steel rail, lower the stress on bolt holes, and enhance their durability.
Chamfering the bolt holes to remove burrs and sharp edges around the hole’s perimeter is another critical step in preventing stress concentration. This is especially important when new rails are installed, particularly in road maintenance areas. During rail replacement, each bolt hole should be carefully inspected. Any burrs, sharp edges, or corners must be filed down to eliminate potential weak points.
It's also worth noting that the causes of bolt hole cracks are rarely singular; they often result from a combination of factors. For instance, if issues like misalignment or voids in the joints persist, and the bolt torque is insufficient, the combined effect can lead to severe damage. When trains pass over such sections, the cumulative stress increases, making the bolt holes more susceptible to cracking. Therefore, a comprehensive and proactive approach to joint maintenance is essential for long-term track safety and reliability.
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