Development and Problems of Yunfu Stone Crafts Industry
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First, the status quo of Yunfu stone technology development
Yunfu is not a region rich in stone resources. In the past, it was only known as “cloud flower†401, 402, 403. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Yunfu Shepherd’s “clouds and stones†simple factory buildings and outdated equipment could only cut out a few slabs a day. It was a great thing to have slate under the social production conditions at that time. The stone has spread from the beginning, thus unveiling the curtain of Yunfu stone processing. Today, there are more than 1,000 stone craft enterprises in Yunfu, and the annual output value of stone craft industry is nearly 2 billion yuan. The Yunfu stone craft is mainly divided into four categories: stone carving (including jade carving), stone carving, stone puzzle and decorative practical (including architectural decoration). Looking back on the past, many "firsts" were born in Yunfu: the first stone vase, the first stone handrail, the first Roman column, the first stone fireplace, the first stone mosaic, the first seamless cylinder The first stone line with arbitrary corners, the first large Feng Shui ball, the first jade color painting, the first marble stone painting, the first sandstone relief, the first marble mosaic, the first one conforms to the national standard. The ultra-thin board and the first artificial stone? These "first" outline the development history and current status of the Yunfu stone craft.
(1) There are many materials. Due to the limited availability of locally available stone resources, the raw materials of Yunfu Stone Craft have been mainly from all over the country and even the world in the past 20 years. At present, in addition to architectural and decorative handicrafts, the raw materials of Yunfu Stone Carving (Jade Carving) are mainly from jade in Pakistan and Afghanistan (soft jade). ).
(2) Variety. At present, the Yunfu stone craftsmanship is dazzling, ranging from ashtrays, pen holders, pen holders, fitness balls, lamp holders, switch pedestals, auspicious ornaments, fairy boxes, etc.; to the stone bench, stone bench, coffee table, stone line, stone monument, fireplace, Mosaic, stone handrails, vases, stone paintings, wash basins, Roman columns, rivers, etc.; large to cylindrical, Feng Shui ball, portraits, artificial stone blocks, fountains, stone arches, stone arch bridges, stone screen seals, etc. According to the stone color, there are fifteen categories such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, brown, gold, silver, gray, black, white, jade, and flowers; according to the shape, there are square, round, linear, curved 12 kinds of angles, angles, fantasy, concave, convex, strip, tubular, fan-shaped, spherical, etc.; according to the technique, there are six types of relief, through-carving, line carving, skillful carving, fine carving, rough carving, etc.; Scripts, scripts, cursive scripts, libraries, scripts, foreign languages, etc. According to incomplete statistics, Yunfu stone craft products have nearly 1000 varieties of colors.
(3) New style. In the 1970s, Shi Dengzuo and Shiyanzi became gifts. In the 1980s, stone vases were replaced. In the 1990s, the Roman column represented the climax of the special-shaped process, mosaic, stone, cylinder, marble. Paintings have swarmed up. At the beginning of the 21st century, marble mosaics became popular. So far, in addition to fantasy and nanotechnology products, the use of jade (soft jade) from Pakistan and Afghanistan for solid color or color carving has occupied the mainstream of the entire stone carving industry. At present, Yunfu Stone Crafts focuses on abandoning traditional concepts, constantly improving and innovating in style. At present, there are various kinds of flowers and flowers, and new varieties are often unveiled in the market.
(4) Technical excellence. Yunfu Stone Artists are good at inheriting and carrying forward the traditional stone handicraft processing technology, absorbing the essence of modern world stone handicraft processing, integrating into the processing process of their own stone handicrafts, and developing into their own unique processing technology. Such as water knife parquet technology, flower carving of fireplace, jade color carving of jade (nephrite), polishing technology of stone craft are all in the forefront of the country.
(5) The market is wide. Yunfu stone artist who is good at finding business opportunities, travels to China's large, medium and small cities, and puts Yunfu stone crafts in every corner of the country. Some powerful manufacturers set up branches, business contact points or product sales outlets in India, Japan, the United States, Canada, Spain, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and other countries and regions, and learn about local stone crafts from business points set up at home and abroad. The demand information is fed back to the production base to provide market dynamics for the processing of stone crafts. Yunfu Stone Industry has opened up new markets with the opportunity of stone exhibitions at home and abroad. Since 1999, Yunfu has hosted the 11th Stone Exhibition and the 5th Stone Culture Festival, and participated in stone exhibitions and stone fairs in Beijing, Shanghai, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Laizhou, Hong Kong, Thailand, Norway, Italy, etc. Thereby expanding the market. Also selected boutiques to participate in the "Guangdong Provincial Folk Crafts Fair" to obtain a stable market card. Through a series of "going out, please come in", the market for Yunfu stone products is becoming wider and wider.
Second, the problems in the Yunfu stone craft industry
Since the reform and opening up, the Yunfu stone craft industry has developed rapidly. Especially since the beginning of the 21st century, the production of Yunfu stone industry has grown steadily and rapidly, the structural adjustment has achieved remarkable results, the economic benefits have been greatly improved, the strength of enterprises has gradually increased, the capacity for independent innovation has improved, and the pattern of diversification Initial formation, from the past 30 years, Yunfu stone technology industry has achieved rapid and healthy development. However, while Yunfu Stone Crafts Industry has achieved results, it still faces some problems that need to be discussed and resolved together.
(1) There is a shortage of design and creation talents. At present, there are only 12 masters of stone crafts in Yunfu City. The masters of arts and crafts at the provincial level and above are still blank. There are less than 300 first-line masters who are actually engaged in stone carving and stone carving work, and there are about 2,000 masters who are engaged in stone carving in Yunfu. Most of the local young people are reluctant to engage in the first-line work of stone carving.
(2) Dust pollution has not been solved. Although most stone carving crafts factories have installed dust collection facilities, the dust collection effect is not satisfactory.
(3) The business concept is vague. At present, most stone carving companies only know to make products, but not to cultivate brands, and have no independent intellectual property rights, so that some products that are sold well are easy to follow suit or even vicious.
Third, the government attaches importance to the enterprise, and the Yunfu stone craft industry is gradually embarking on the right track of modernization.
The successive municipal committees and municipal governments have made strategic arrangements for the Yunfu stone processing and processing industry, giving full play to the geographical advantages, geographical advantages, human advantages, transportation advantages, policy advantages and professional advantages of Yunfu, and vigorously promote the transformation and optimization of stone craft enterprises. The intensity of large-scale scientific and technological innovation and the construction of soft and hard environment have made the scale of the stone industry continue to grow, and the innovation capability of enterprises has been continuously enhanced. For example, the establishment of a stone-class civil society organization has enabled stone artists to have a platform and space for artistic exchanges, thus making stone The artistic content of the technology has been continuously improved, the industrial agglomeration ability and comprehensive competitiveness have been continuously improved, and the Yunfu stone craft industry has gradually embarked on the track of modern stone development.
(1) Established “Yunfu Stone Processing Technology R&D Center†and “Yunfu Stone Machinery Research and Development Centerâ€, and successively established “Guangdong Stone Product Quality Inspection Stationâ€, “Yunfu Stone Market Trading Network†and “China Stone No.†A group of public service platforms such as “One Netâ€, “Stone Credit Informationâ€, “Stone Financing Express Train†and “Yunfu Stone Research Instituteâ€. At the same time, it has also established the “Yunfu Civic Artists Associationâ€, “Yunfu City Ornamental Stone Association†and “Guangfu Lingnan Folk Arts Research Institute Yunfu Branchâ€, which are mainly engaged in stone crafts, and are preparing to build Yunfu City. Arts and Crafts Association." Provide solid theoretical support and service support for the development of stone enterprises.
(2) Through various propaganda, the government guides stone craft enterprises to implement modern enterprise management series projects, guides enterprises to separate industrial ownership and management rights, and eliminates backward technologies by means of laws and regulations such as Environmental Protection Law and Product Quality Law. Equipment and products promote the optimization and upgrading of product structure.
(3) Establish an industrial park and enter the park to create a cluster size. At present, “Yunfu (International) Shiyi Cityâ€, “Luguan Jade City†and “Jinlong Bridge Jade Carving Craft Wholesale Market†have been built.
(4) “Government sets up the stage and the company sings the opera†to expand the market for stone crafts. Relevant departments of the city, county (district) government organize stone enterprises to participate in various domestic and international product sales meetings, promotion meetings, economic and trade cooperation exchange meetings, and organize stone exhibitions, mobilize organized enterprises to participate in exhibitions, hold stone craft seminars, and promote stone crafts. Enterprises promote production by sales and open up markets. Such as various types of Canton Fair, Shenzhen Cultural Fair, folk craft exhibitions inside and outside the province and tourism product promotion conferences.
(5) Strengthen the environmental protection of stone craft enterprises. The municipal, county (district) government vigorously rectified the stone environment, put forward specific implementation plans for the comprehensive management of the stone industry environment, intensified law enforcement, eliminated enterprises that seriously polluted the environment, and referred environmental protection work to a higher level.
(6) Pay attention to the absorption, introduction and training of stone craft talents. Over the years, the government has provided policy support and implemented preferential policies to absorb technical talents and skilled craftsmen into Yunfu. Through the treatment of retaining people and retaining people, the imported talents have contributed to the Yunfu stone craft industry. Establish an employment training base based on skills training. At the same time, rely on enterprises to set up a branch of vocational and technical schools or a stone technology practice base to train skilled personnel. Form a professional team of modern stone construction that understands technology, understands management and understands marketing.
Fourth, Yunfu stone technology development work plan
(1) Formulate and implement preferential policies for high-end talents in stone technology. Earnestly implement the "Implementation Measures for the Introduction of Introducing High-level Talents (Trial)", set up special funds for funds (funds) for talent introduction and talents' outstanding contribution rewards, reward the talents who are urgently needed and outstanding in the industry, and enjoy the living conditions and children's enrollment. Care for employment, etc. Encourage enterprises to attract and retain talents by means of technology shareholding and setting up a reasonable wage and welfare incentive mechanism.
(2) Intensify personnel training, establish and improve the stone technology education training and evaluation and certification system. The first is to develop training courses and write training materials. Leaded by the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, organize professional professionals (including experts and professors, art design professionals, corporate technicians, craft masters, etc.) to develop training courses (such as stone three-dimensional carving, plane carving, mosaic stickers) according to the needs of the development of the stone industry. , texture identification, graphic image design, special-shaped processing, embossing process, polishing (grinding) process and other professional work) and the preparation of relevant training materials, production test questions included in the national question bank. The second is to make a good election. Learning stone crafts requires a certain art foundation and a great interest in learning. Therefore, it is necessary to seriously put the students into the customs and to make the first pass for the cultivation of high-quality stone talents. The third is to set up a demonstration base for training talents in stone crafts. Strengthen communication with schools and enterprises, carefully select 3 to 5 stone enterprises with good foundation and strong representativeness, and establish a branch of vocational and technical schools or a stone craft training base based on enterprises. Innovate the stone craft training method through the combination of the system training and work practice of the school, and train the trainees into professional talents with both theoretical knowledge and practical operation ability. The fourth is to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with higher education institutions. Choose potential art and craft masters to go to colleges and universities for more than one month of training or invite university professors to teach in the city to improve the overall quality of arts and crafts talents. Negotiate with universities and establish practical practice bases in the city. The fifth is to establish and improve the evaluation and certification system for the professional skills of the stone industry. Cooperate with relevant departments of the Municipal People's and Social Welfare Bureau, set up relevant stone industry evaluation committees, set up occupational skill categories in the stone industry, and formulate evaluation criteria and review procedures. The sixth is to establish a reserve talent pool for the stone industry. Trainees who have completed the training and passed the skills test will be awarded a certificate of competency by the municipal or district human and social bureau, and a roster of students will be established to strengthen the tracking and training, and implement standardized and unified management. Regular exhibitions of outstanding stone art works involving participants from various training bases will be held to provide a platform for students to strengthen communication and learning.
(3) To build the Yunfu stone craft industry brand. First, organize and hold stone art creation competitions such as stone carvings, stone carvings, jigsaws, and decorative crafts. We will do our best to run the “Guangdong (Yunfu) Stone Art Creative Competition†every two years and the annual Stone Culture Festival to continue the development of Yunfu. The city's stone arts and crafts masters appraisal activities, while promoting the construction of high-skilled talent team and improving the craft level, establish the brand of Yunfu stone. The second is to encourage and support qualified stone talents to participate in various arts and crafts competitions and boutique exhibitions at home and abroad, such as Guangdong Folk Crafts Exhibition, Guangdong Arts and Crafts Masters Exhibition, etc., to participate in the evaluation of arts and crafts masters at all levels, such as Chinese crafts. Masters of art, masters of arts and crafts in Guangdong Province, and masters of stone craftsmen in Yunfu City have improved the popularity of Yunfu stone craft in the province and the whole country. The third is to strengthen exchange of experience and broaden the creative thinking. Regularly hold the stone industry and talent strategy summit forum, organize experts to go out to study and learn, understand the stone craft styles in different regions, broaden their horizons, broaden their creative ideas, absorb advanced experience and technology, and continuously improve the stone craftsmanship level of Yuncheng. The Stone Arts and Crafts Association was established to provide a platform for exchanges between stone craft factories, stone artists and stone art masters. The fourth is to implement the strategy of “going out and introducingâ€. "Going out" is to actively organize stone enterprises to participate in stone trade activities at home and abroad, to provide a good propaganda, communication and marketing platform for stone enterprises in our district, and establish a good regional industry brand image. "Introduction" means that on the basis of "going out", the government provides policy support and implements preferential policies. Through recruitment, it attracts the e-commerce, business management, marketing, high-end technical talents and skilled craftsmen urgently needed by enterprises to Yunfu. Come. The fifth is to increase the support and incentives for intellectual property rights, set up a special fund for copyright registration, and subsidize corporate or individual copyright applications. Enterprises or individuals applying for copyright receive different amounts of subsidies. Sixth, encourage enterprises and workers to take the road of independent development and timely innovation, guide enterprises to change their development concepts, gradually enhance their innovation capabilities, improve the technological content of products, and make enterprises bigger and stronger, while solving the shortage of talents in stone craft enterprises. Establish the brand image of Yunfu Stone and promote the transformation and upgrading of the stone industry.
V. Suggestions on the development of Yunfu modern stone crafts
(1) It is recommended that the Stone Stone Carving Professional Committee of the China Stone Association will send stone carving engraving experts to send the treasures to us every year.
(2) It is recommended that the China Stone Association Stone Carving Professional Committee organize experts to develop advanced equipment for stone carving and dust collection.
(3) It is recommended that the China Stone Association Stone Carving Professional Committee prepare a systematic "stone carving stone textbook". 
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