Popular science knowledge is a form of communication that simplifies complex scientific concepts, making them accessible and easy to understand for the general public. Its purpose is to spread scientific information and promote scientific literacy across society.

Modern biomechanics emerged around the late 1960s and entered a period of formation and development. During this time, researchers actively studied the biomechanical properties of human and animal movements. Notable contributions include Alexander's "Biomechanics" in 1970, Vukov Brodovich’s mathematical simulations of animal movement in 1974, which helped advance robotic manufacturing, and Silijeboland’s theory of uniform step movement in animals in 1968.

Short Answer Questions:

1. What is the “Three Gold Project”?

The U.S. Information Highway initiative sparked global interest, leading many countries to adopt similar strategies. In 1994, China launched the “Three Gold Projects”—Jinqiao, Jinguan, and Gold Card—to build its information infrastructure. These projects aimed to establish a national economic information network, implement computerized systems in customs, banking, and public utilities, and promote electronic transactions. The initiative sought to enhance social development, improve work efficiency, and elevate living standards through better information management and connectivity.

2. What is a red tide?

A red tide, also known as a harmful algal bloom, occurs when toxic algae multiply rapidly in seawater, discoloring it and reducing oxygen levels. This phenomenon often leads to mass deaths of marine life. In 1993, China experienced red tides along its coast, causing significant losses in shrimp production. These events were linked to excessive discharge of wastewater and nutrients into coastal waters.

3. What is a clone?

Cloning refers to asexual reproduction, where an organism is created without the need for parents. In simple terms, it involves copying genetic material from one organism to create another. While theoretically any cell could be cloned, in practice, plant cells are more easily cloned than animal cells. Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, was born in 1996 after hundreds of experiments. Cloning has since advanced, with various animals being successfully cloned from embryonic cells.

Multiple Choice Questions:

There are four layers surrounding the Earth; the outermost layer is (A) Atmosphere, (B) Hydrosphere, (C) Lithosphere, (D) Biosphere. The atmosphere is divided into how many layers based on air density and altitude? (C) 5. Who discovered the principle of electromagnetic induction in 1831? (A) Faraday. On October 12, 1999, the world population reached (B) 6 billion. When was the Environmental Protection Law passed? (A) 11th session of the 7th NPC. The biggest source of pollution in natural water bodies is (B) industrial and domestic sewage. The environmental protection policy emphasizes (C) comprehensive planning and rational distribution. Clean energy includes (A) solar, water, and wind energy. The most important invention of the 20th century was (A) TV. Which is not one of the four major scientific problems? (D) Nanotechnology. In 1991, China hosted the Beijing Declaration at the Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development. The angle between the equatorial plane and the ecliptic is (A) 23°26'. The first National Environmental Protection Conference was held in (A) Beijing in 1973. What does DTS stand for? (B) Digital Home Theater System. The characteristics of nuclear energy include (A) high energy concentration. Which is not one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China? (E) Steam Engine. Environmental standards are part of (A) China’s legal system. Lasers were first produced in (A) 1953. June 5 is celebrated as (A) World Environment Day. The greatest advantage of the Internet is (A) shared resources. CAI stands for (B) Computer Aided Instruction. The basic principle of modern computers was proposed by (D) von Neumann. All data inside a computer is stored in (C) binary form. The Computer Software Protection Regulations came into effect on (C) October 1991. A source program is converted into a target program by (C) a compiler. The first electronic digital computer was (A) ENIAC. A complete computer system includes (D) hardware and software. Information is lost after power off in (B) RAM. A floppy disk can only recognize (C) machine language. High-level language software includes (D) programs, data, and documents. The fastest memory is (D) memory. The correct statement about computers is (D) higher CPU frequency means faster operation. To prevent virus infection from a floppy disk, (D) reformatting is the best option. UNIX is (C) a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system. Computers using transistors belong to (B) the second generation. The length of DNA's spiral staircase is about (A) 2 meters. The diameter of DNA is (C) 20 angstroms. WAP stands for (A) Wireless Application Protocol. Bluetooth technology is (B) a short-range wireless communication technology. Which is not related to nanotechnology? (C) DNS. The largest mammal in the world is (B) Blue Whale. The Cherry Blossom Festival is most famous in (C) Japan. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in (C) the former Soviet Union in 1986.