Obtaining the necessary data during the production process helps ensure the quality and stability of the product. Here's how to achieve this step with fastener torque.

Testing and verification are the most rigorous part of the product design process. In the process, some unknown defects and defects that occur during the production process will be discovered. As you will see, you will be able to eliminate these unknown pitfalls by simply measuring and recording fastener torque.

It is not an easy task to ensure that the product meets production standards and that it can operate stably for a long time without premature failure. Customers, regulators, and factory quality control departments all want to track down the root causes of product defects. How will you meet the requirements of these different groups? The answer is to provide all the data that the product produces when it comes to specification testing. Although there are many aspects of design that need attention, this article will focus on some of the "specific details" by describing the effects of fastener preload and how to solve problems that may arise from improper preloading.

Why focus on the fasteners? The structure of the product relies on its own fasteners to distribute the load that each part is subjected to. If the preload on the fastener is abnormal, this will result in premature product damage. For example, if a bolt is subjected to a preload that is too small, it will transmit less pressure than other surrounding components, which can result in overload and damage. On the other hand, if the bolt is subjected to excessive preload, it will damage the structure or excessively extend, which will eventually lead to loss of bolt preload. Improper tightening of the fastener not only affects the distribution of the load, but also affects the integrity of the seal.

Gaskets and seals require sufficient preload of the bolts to hold them in place, which will allow the gasket to reach the expected life of the product; otherwise a fault will occur. For example, excessive preload will cause premature failure of the gasket, while too little preload will result in poor sealing.

Why are bolts subject to abnormal preloads? This will be traced back to frictions that are unavoidable during assembly and to improper torque during tightening. In order to solve this problem, you need to measure the torque value and preload value that the bolt receives, and use this data to determine the amount of friction and calculate the appropriate torque.

1. Collect bolt preload data
A complete measurement solution requires two sensors: one to measure the bolt's load and the other to measure the torque applied. The sensor that measures the bolt load needs to be able to pass through the bolt and measure the force at the top of the bolt when tightened. These sensors are named after different types, such as through-hole pressure sensors, force sensors or toroidal pressure sensors. These sensors are not limited to measuring the load of the calculated bolts; they can be permanently installed in the product to monitor the gaskets and seals. This will therefore allow for long-term monitoring of changes in the preload (which can cause fatigue and hardening of the gasket), allowing you to replace the gasket before it is damaged.

2. Measuring Torque Force The torque measured is very simple, just like using a torque wrench with a digital display or a strain gauge with a reactive or rotating torque sensor. The latter can be connected to a digital display and data logging inspection system to automatically capture the torque forces experienced by each fastener during the tightening process or integrated into an automated assembly system to monitor feedback in real time. The most suitable sensor will depend on the accuracy and usage you need. If you have chosen a sensor that measures load and torque, you will be able to obtain the value of the friction, so you can accurately calculate the torque you need to apply.

3. Obtain the value of the fastener friction and determine the appropriate torque
The acquisition of friction values ​​is also very simple. Install the sensor between the product and the bolt. The shaft of the bolt passes through the sensor and the top end is placed against the active sensing area of ​​the sensor. Then tighten the sensor, measure the torque value and the load value, and repeat the experiment until the two values ​​do not change. By using a torque calculation equation (such as the Farr Screwjack equation or the Motosh equation), the two measured values ​​are substituted into it to calculate the frictional force.
If you have obtained the value of the friction, you can calculate the appropriate torque value. Then, during the production process, you combine this precise torque value with the torque sensor to verify that each fastener is properly torqued and recorded. The data collected will be used to ensure the quality of the product and the stability of the production. Therefore, the root cause of product verification and traceability defects is no longer an issue.

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2 Glue gun has been destroyed owing to inner cord short circuit;

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